Disentangling effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and Black Lives Matter protests on implicit anti-Black bias.

Terror Management Theory (TMT) holds that mortal threats bolster people's desire to support their worldviews, which may contribute to increased outgroup bias. In 2020, two events likely increased mortality salience and death anxiety: COVID-19 and the Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests that followed George Floyd's murder. We used Project Implicit data to investigate their impact on implicit anti-Black bias, controlling for demographic variables.

Isolation of salivary cell-free DNA for cancer detection.

Saliva is an emerging source of disease biomarkers, particularly for cancers of the head and neck. Although analysis of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in saliva holds promise as a liquid biopsy for cancer detection, currently there are no standardized methodologies for the collection and isolation of saliva for the purposes of studying DNA. Here, we evaluated various saliva collection receptacles and DNA purification techniques, comparing DNA quantity, fragment size, source, and stability.

Developmental Language Disorder Is Associated With Slower Processing Across Domains: A Meta-Analysis of Time-Based Tasks.

Purpose: Individuals with developmental language disorder (DLD) often exhibit slower processing on time-based tasks in comparison with age-matched peers. Processing speed has been linked to various linguistic skills and might serve as a global indicator of individual differences in language abilities. Despite an extensive literature on processing speed in DLD, it remains unclear whether slower processing is domain general or restricted to linguistic and/or auditory tasks.

Slower Processing Speed in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-analytic Investigation of Time-Based Tasks.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition affecting information processing across domains. The current meta-analysis investigated whether slower processing speed is associated with the ASD neurocognitive profile and whether findings hold across different time-based tasks and stimuli (social vs. nonsocial; linguistic vs.

Prevention of oral and maxillofacial trauma secondary to orofacial dyskinesias associated with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: a case series.

Background: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (anti-NMDARE) is a multi-stage autoimmune-mediated disease associated with a multitude of neuropsychiatric and dysautonomic features. Orofacial dyskinesias are frequently associated with this condition and manifest as abnormal movements of the orofacial musculature. These involuntary movements may result in significant trauma to the oral and maxillofacial complex including the avulsion of the dentition and orofacial lacerations.

Improving college students' fact-checking strategies through lateral reading instruction in a general education civics course.

College students lack fact-checking skills, which may lead them to accept information at face value. We report findings from an institution participating in the Digital Polarization Initiative (DPI), a national effort to teach students lateral reading strategies used by expert fact-checkers to verify online information. Lateral reading requires users to leave the information (website) to find out whether someone has already fact-checked the claim, identify the original source, or learn more about the individuals or organizations making the claim.

CD301 mediates fusion in IL-4-driven multinucleated giant cell formation.

Multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) are prominent in foreign body granulomas, infectious and inflammatory processes, and auto-immune, neoplastic and genetic disorders, but the molecular determinants that specify the formation and function of these cells are not defined. Here, using tandem mass tag-mass spectrometry, we identified a differentially upregulated protein, C-type lectin domain family 10 member (herein denoted CD301, also known as CLEC10A), that was strongly upregulated in mouse RAW264.7 macrophages and primary murine macrophages undergoing interleukin (IL-4)-induced MGC formation.

Engaging Adolescent and Young Adults in Microbiome Sample Self-Collection: Strategies for Success.

Human microbiome research provides rich opportunities to elucidate factors influencing health, uncover novel biomarkers, and expand disease treatment options. A well-conducted microbiome study depends not only on a rigorous design but also on successfully engaging participants in collecting quality samples. In this paper, we aim to describe (1) strategies our team used to engage adolescents and young adults in vaginal and gut microbiome sample self-collection and (2) their effectiveness.

Closing the symbolic reference gap to support flexible reasoning about the passage of time.

This commentary relates Hoerl & McCormack's dual systems perspective to models of cognitive development emphasizing representational redescription and the role of culturally constructed tools, including language, in providing flexible formats for thinking. We describe developmental processes that enable children to construct a mental time line, situate themselves in time, and overcome the primacy of the here and now.

Factors underlying cross-cultural differences in stigma toward autism among college students in Lebanon and the United States.

Although stigma negatively impacts autistic people globally, the degree of stigma varies across cultures. Prior research suggests that stigma may be higher in cultures with more collectivistic orientations. This study aimed to identify cultural values and other individual differences that contribute to cross-cultural differences in autism stigma (assessed with a social distance scale) between college students in Lebanon ( = 556) and those in the United States ( = 520).

An Overview of the Derivation and Function of Multinucleated Giant Cells and Their Role in Pathologic Processes.

Monocyte lineage cells play important roles in health and disease. Their differentiation into macrophages is crucial for a broad array of immunologic processes that regulate inflammation, neoplasia, and infection. In certain pathologic conditions, such as foreign body reactions and peripheral inflammatory lesions, monocytes fuse to form large, multinucleated giant cells (MGCs).

Is there a bilingual advantage on interference-control tasks? A multiverse meta-analysis of global reaction time and interference cost.

A contentious issue in contemporary psycholinguistics is whether bilingualism enhances executive functions. Here, we report a meta-analysis of 80 studies (253 effect sizes) comparing performance of monolinguals and bilinguals on non-verbal interference-control tasks, while examining potential moderators of effects on two dependent variables (DVs): global reaction time (RT) and interference cost. We used a multiverse approach to determine how robust conclusions were to several dataset construction and analysis decisions.

Primary aneurysmal bone cyst of the mandibular condyle with USP6-CDH11 fusion.

Primary aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a cystic bone neoplasm characterized by disease-defining gene fusions involving the USP6/Tre2 gene. The literature describing gnathic ABC is limited. This case report describes a 27-year-old man presenting with a long-standing left-sided facial asymmetry.

Associations Between Manual Dexterity and Language Ability in School-Age Children.

Purpose: We aimed to determine whether individual differences in manual dexterity are associated with specific language skills (nonword repetition, receptive vocabulary, and receptive grammar) after controlling for nonverbal abilities (visual-spatial working memory and intelligence).

Method: We assessed manual dexterity using the pegboard task and examined relationships with verbal and nonverbal abilities in a diverse community sample of children (N = 63, mean age = 8;2 [year;months], range: 6;0-10;8) varying in language ability (Comprehensive Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-Fourth Edition core language score M = 105, range: 62-126; Semel, Wiig, & Secord, 2003).

Results: Correlational analyses indicated significant relationships between manual dexterity and performance on tests of nonword repetition, receptive vocabulary, receptive grammar, and nonverbal intelligence, after controlling for multiple comparisons.

Generalization of content and emotional prosody across speakers varying in gender in youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Aims: We employed a discrimination-choice procedure, embedded in a custom-made videogame, to evaluate whether youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), including nonverbal individuals, distinguish sentences on the basis of emotional tone-of-voice and generalize linguistic information across speaker gender.

Methods And Procedures: Thirteen youth with ASD (7-21 years) and 13 age-matched typical controls heard pairs of pre-recorded sentences varying in lexical content and prosody (e.g.

Stigma associated with autism among college students in Japan and the United States: An online training study.

Misconceptions and stigma associated with autism vary across cultures and may be influenced by various factors. Undergraduates in Japan (N = 212) and the United States (US) (N = 365) completed an online autism training, with pre- and posttest surveys assessing autism-related stigma (i.e.

Bullying and Identity Development: Insights from Autistic and Non-autistic College Students.

Reduced cognitive empathy may put autistic people at risk for bullying. We compared interpretations of bullying provided by 22 autistic and 15 non-autistic college students. Autistic (and non-autistic) students reported less severe bullying in college relative to earlier in development.

"For a Long Time Our Voices have been Hushed": Using Student Perspectives to Develop Supports for Neurodiverse College Students.

Although the challenges that autistic students face adapting to college are often pronounced, they are similar to the challenges that students with other disabilities face (e.g., difficulties with social interaction, self-advocacy, and executive functioning).

Assessing the impact of conversational overlap in content on child language growth.

When engaged in conversation, both parents and children tend to re-use words that their partner has just said. This study explored whether proportions of maternal and/or child utterances that overlapped in content with what their partner had just said contributed to growth in mean length of utterance (MLU), developmental sentence score, and vocabulary diversity over time. We analyzed the New England longitudinal corpus from the CHILDES database, comprising transcripts of mother-child conversations at 14, 20, and 32 months, using the CHIP command to compute proportions of utterances with overlapping content.

Whose Expertise Is It? Evidence for Autistic Adults as Critical Autism Experts.

Autistic and non-autistic adults' agreement with scientific knowledge about autism, how they define autism, and their endorsement of stigmatizing conceptions of autism has not previously been examined. Using an online survey, we assessed autism knowledge and stigma among 636 adults with varied relationships to autism, including autistic people and nuclear family members. Autistic participants exhibited more scientifically based knowledge than others.

Statistical Learning in Specific Language Impairment and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-Analysis.

Impairments in statistical learning might be a common deficit among individuals with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Using meta-analysis, we examined statistical learning in SLI (14 studies, 15 comparisons) and ASD (13 studies, 20 comparisons) to evaluate this hypothesis. Effect sizes were examined as a function of diagnosis across multiple statistical learning tasks (Serial Reaction Time, Contextual Cueing, Artificial Grammar Learning, Speech Stream, Observational Learning, and Probabilistic Classification).

P2X7 nucleotide receptor signaling potentiates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in cells of the osteoblast lineage.

The P2X7 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways regulate osteoblast differentiation and are critical for the anabolic responses of bone to mechanical loading. However, whether these pathways interact to control osteoblast activity is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of P2X7 activation on Wnt/β-catenin signaling in osteoblasts.