Enhanced degradation of ciprofloxacin in water using ternary photocatalysts TiO/SnO/g-CN under UV, visible, and solar light.

In this study, we report on the synthesis of ternary photocatalysts comprising TiO/SnO/g-CN for the degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in water. SnO nanoparticles were synthesized via the sol-gel method, while g-CN was obtained through melamine calcination. Commercial TiO and SnO nanopowders were also used.

Anaerobic digestion of bean straw applying a fungal pre-treatment and using cow manure as co-substrate.

The significant amounts of agriculture residues such as bean straw (BS) in rural areas, advises its valorisation for energy recovery. The feasibility of using BS for biogas production through anaerobic digestion was assessed. Prior to this, a fungal pre-treatment to hydrolyse BS with s was studied at 30°C and 100 rpm in orbital incubators with 1, 10 and 30 mg fungus/g straw for 14, 21 and 28 days.