Unstressing the Reticulum: Nutritional Strategies for Modulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Obesity.

The progression of obesity involves several molecular mechanisms that are closely associated with the pathophysiological response of the disease. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is one such factor. Lipotoxicity disrupts endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis in the context of obesity.

Brazil nuts potential: effects on lipid peroxidation and heart health in nephrectomized rats.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of a Brazil nut-enriched diet on the wall thickness and the left ventricular chamber diameter of the heart, and lipid peroxidation in a CKD-induced model.

Methods: Male rats at 12 weeks of age were divided into two groups (n=16/group): the Nx group, which underwent 5/6 nephrectomy, and the Sham group, as a control. After 5 weeks, the groups were subdivided according to diet (n=8/group): the Nx and Sham groups received a control diet; the Nx5% and Sham5% groups received a diet enriched with 5 % Brazil nuts for 8 weeks.

Brazil nut-enriched diet modulates bone mineral density and body composition in an experimental model of chronic kidney disease.

Objective: This study investigates the effects of a Brazil nut-enriched diet on body composition and bone parameters in CKD animal model.

Methods: Male Wistar rats were assigned to the following groups: Sham (n=8), Nx (n=6), nephrectomized rats, and NxBN (n=6), nephrectomized rats and an enricheddiet with 5% Brazil nut. Body composition parameters were obtained by dual-energy X- ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Tomato Residue Management from a Biorefinery Perspective and towards a Circular Economy.

The tomato industry is a relevant socio-economic activity in the European Union, while it generates a large variety of residues. Tomatoes unfit for consumption, tomato peels, seeds, industrial pomace, and plants are examples of residues of this industry. Commonly, some of the residues can be left in the field, composted, used for animal feeding, or valorized through anaerobic digestion.

Is the enteric nervous system a lost piece of the gut-kidney axis puzzle linked to chronic kidney disease?

The enteric nervous system (ENS) regulates numerous functional and immunological attributes of the gastrointestinal tract. Alterations in ENS cell function have been linked to intestinal outcomes in various metabolic, intestinal, and neurological disorders. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a challenging intestinal environment due to gut dysbiosis, which further affects patient quality of life.

Child health nursing consultation and competencies for Advanced Practice Nurses.

Objective: To analyze nurses' practice in child health nursing consultations and the presence of care management competencies proposed for Advanced Practice Nurses (APN).

Method: Multicenter, exploratory sequential mixed methods research, carried out in 17 Basic Health Units in four Brazilian cities. Collection was carried out from May to July 2022 through filming of consultation and analysis of medical records.

Osteoblastic Lesions as the First Presentation of a Gastric Mixed-Type Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report.

Bone metastasis might be associated with several tumors; however, the association between gastric malignant neoplasms and bone secondary lesions is very rare, with the osteoblastic form having the rarest presentation. In fact, osteoblastic lesions, as the first presentation of gastric adenocarcinomas, are even rarer and known to have a very poor prognosis associated with them. Therefore, we present a clinical case of a patient with lower back pain as the first symptom, which led to the diagnosis of osteoblastic lesions of the spine and iliac bones, suggested as secondary lesions.

Lipid Metabolism Modulation during SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Spotlight on Extracellular Vesicles and Therapeutic Prospects.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have a significant impact on the pathophysiological processes associated with various diseases such as tumors, inflammation, and infection. They exhibit molecular, biochemical, and entry control characteristics similar to viral infections. Viruses, on the other hand, depend on host metabolic machineries to fulfill their biosynthetic requirements.

COVID-19 and Adrenal Insufficiency: Unmasking the Link.

We describe a case of a 28-year-old male who presented with general malaise, fatigue, anorexia, occasional epigastric pain, and vomiting a few days after a mild severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Clinical evolution led to weight loss (6 kg in six months) and craving for salty foods. Physical examination revealed dehydration, hypotension, and hyperpigmentation of the skin and mucosal surfaces.

Effects of Probiotic-Enriched Minas Cheese (Lactobacillus acidophilus La-05) on Cardiovascular Parameters in 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats.

Dairy foods have become an interest in chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to their nutritional profile, which makes them a good substrate for probiotics incorporation. This study evaluated the effect of probiotic-enriched Minas cheese with Lactobacillus acidophilus La-05 in an experimental rat model for CKD on cardiac, inflammatory, and oxidative stress parameters. Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 7/group): 5/6 nephrectomy + conventional Minas cheese (NxC); 5/6 nephrectomy + probiotic Minas cheese (NxPC); Sham + conventional Minas cheese (ShamC); Sham + probiotic Minas cheese (ShamPC).

Brazil Nut-Enriched Diet Modulates Enteric Glial Cells and Gut Microbiota in an Experimental Model of Chronic Kidney Disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) promotes gut dysbiosis, and enteric glial reactivity, a feature of intestinal inflammation. Brazil nut modulated enteric glial profile in healthy animals and could modulate these cells in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. A 5/6 nephrectomy-induced CKD and Sham-operated rats were divided as follows: CKD and Sham received a standard diet and CKD-BN and Sham-BN received a 5% Brazil nut enriched-diet.

Dual Biologic Therapy in a Patient With Niemann-Pick Type C and Crohn Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Dual biologic therapy has become a new area of interest in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Monogenic/polygenic IBD and the role of genetics in IBD is an evolving field, with many of these patients having difficult treatment courses. We present a case of a teenage patient with Niemann-Pick disease type C and Crohn colitis, who sustained clinical remission only after escalating to dual biologic therapy (anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha [infliximab] and anti-interleukin-12/anti-interleukin-23 [ustekinumab]).

Lipid droplets as multifunctional organelles related to the mechanism of evasion during mycobacterial infection.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria of the () complex. The modulation of the lipid metabolism has been implicated in the immune response regulation, including the formation of lipid droplets (LD)s, LD-phagosome association and eicosanoid synthesis. , BCG and other pathogenic mycobacteria, as well as wall components, such as LAM, can induce LDs formation in a mechanism involving surface receptors, for instance TLRs, CD36, CD14, CD11b/CD18 and others.

Heat-resistant and biofilm-forming Escherichia coli in pasteurized milk from Brazil.

Escherichia coli harboring a transmissible locus of stress tolerance (tLST) and the ability to form biofilms represent a serious risk in dairy production. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the microbiological quality of pasteurized milk from two dairy producers in Mato Grosso, Brazil, with a focus on determining the possible presence of E. coli with heat resistance (60 °C/6 min), biofilm-forming potential phenotypes and genotypes, and antimicrobial susceptibility.

Early Infliximab Clearance Predicts Remission in Children with Crohn's Disease.

Background And Aims: Children with Crohn's disease have lower response rates to infliximab, lower infliximab levels, and higher infliximab clearance on weight-based dosing than adults. We hypothesize infliximab clearance is a predictive of later outcomes on infliximab in children with Crohn's disease.

Methods: In this single-center retrospective study, data were collected from charts on diagnosis, anthropometry, routine labs, infliximab therapeutic drug monitoring, infliximab dosing, disease activity, and other treatments.

Intestinal parasite infections associated with sociodemographic and seasonal factors in the Western Amazon.

Intestinal parasites are a constant public health problem in the Amazon region, with a high prevalence of cases related to poor sanitary conditions. We investigated the sociodemographic and seasonal factors associated with human intestinal parasite infections in an area of the Western Amazon, Brazil, from September 2017 to August 2019. Data were collected using a database available at the Diagnostic Support Centre (Centro de Apoio ao Diagnóstico, CAD) of the Municipality of Rio Branco, on positive diagnoses for intestinal parasites.

An Atypical Presentation of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma.

Lymphomas result from the proliferation of malignant lymphocytes, which can affect lymph nodes, blood, and other organs. Primary involvement of the spine by haematological diseases is rare. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with an extranodal location most frequently involves the gastrointestinal tract and airways, affecting the bone, muscle, and nervous system.

Bioactive compounds modulating Toll-like 4 receptor (TLR4)-mediated inflammation: pathways involved and future perspectives.

Chronic inflammation is associated with the development and progression of several noncommunicable diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, cancer, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Evidence suggests that pattern recognition receptors that identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns and danger-associated molecular patterns are crucial in chronic inflammation. Among the pattern recognition receptors, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) stimulates several inflammatory pathway agonists, such as nuclear factor-κB, interferon regulator factor 3, and nod-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 pathways, which consequently trigger the expression of pro-inflammatory biomarkers, increasing the risk of noncommunicable disease development and progression.

Far from being a simple question: The complexity between in vitro and in vivo responses from nutrients and bioactive compounds with antioxidant potential.

Food nutrients and bioactive compounds have been widely explored due to the increased prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases. Antioxidant supplementation might be a crucial non-pharmacological strategy against oxidative stress. However, although some assays evaluate the antioxidant potential of a particular food or food compound, in vivo responses related to oxidative stress in the body may not be reproduced or directly correlated with in vitro values.

Pediatric Patient and Caregiver Satisfaction With the Use of Transabdominal Bowel Ultrasound in the Assessment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Objectives: Transabdominal bowel ultrasound (TABUS) is emerging as an attractive, noninvasive tool in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patient and caregiver experience with TABUS is not well described. We aimed to determine pediatric patient and caregiver satisfaction with TABUS and the impact of IBD severity, gender, age, and a history of anxiety on satisfaction.

Supplementation of diet with Brazil nut modulates body composition, bone parameters, and lipid peroxidation in Wistar rats.

Oxidative stress, adipose tissue, and bone compartments can be disturbed in chronic diseases. Non-pharmacological strategies, such as Brazil nuts (BNs), can improve these parameters. This study evaluated the effects of BN supplementation at different concentrations on body composition, lipid profile, and peroxidation in healthy rats.

Relaxing the "second brain": nutrients and bioactive compounds as a therapeutic and preventive strategy to alleviate oxidative stress in the enteric nervous system.

The enteric nervous system (ENS) regulates several functional and immunological processes in the gastrointestinal tract. However, some diseases can disrupt the ENS functionality, impacting the behavior of enteric neurons and enteric glial cells by increasing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Oxidative stress is considered to be a trigger for alterations in these cells' morphology, density, and neurochemical patterns.

5/6 nephrectomy affects enteric glial cells and promotes impaired antioxidant defense in the colonic neuromuscular layer.

Aims: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) produces multiple repercussions in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), such as alterations in motility, gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, and increased oxidative stress. However, despite enteric glial cells (EGC) having important neural and immune features in GIT physiology, their function in CKD remains unknown. The present study investigates colonic glial markers, inflammation, and antioxidant parameters in a CKD model.

Intratumoral plasma cells predict outcomes to PD-L1 blockade in non-small cell lung cancer.

Inhibitors of the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) signaling axis are approved to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, based on their significant overall survival (OS) benefit. Using transcriptomic analysis of 891 NSCLC tumors from patients treated with either the PD-L1 inhibitor atezolizumab or chemotherapy from two large randomized clinical trials, we find a significant B cell association with extended OS with PD-L1 blockade, independent of CD8 T cell signals. We then derive gene signatures corresponding to the dominant B cell subsets present in NSCLC from single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data.