Correction: Hierarchical growth in neural networks structure: Organizing inputs by Order of Hierarchical Complexity.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Hierarchical growth in neural networks structure: Organizing inputs by Order of Hierarchical Complexity.

Several studies demonstrate that the structure of the brain increases in hierarchical complexity throughout development. We tested if the structure of artificial neural networks also increases in hierarchical complexity while learning a developing task, called the balance beam problem. Previous simulations of this developmental task do not reflect a necessary premise underlying development: a more complex structure can be built out of less complex ones, while ensuring that the more complex structure does not replace the less complex one.

Differences and similarities in cross-cultural perceptions of boundaries: a comparison of results from two studies.

There has been substantial literature on boundary excursions in clinician-patient relationships; however, very little empirical research exists. Even less information exists on how perceptions of this issue might differ across cultures. Prior to this study, empirical data on various kinds of boundary excursions were collected in different cultural contexts.

Forensic experts' perceptions of expert bias.

How do expert witnesses perceive the possible biases of their fellow expert witnesses? Participants, who were attendees at a workshop at the American Academy of Psychiatry and Law were asked to rate for their biasing potential a number of situations that might affect the behavior of an opposing expert. A Rasch analysis produced a linear scale as to the perceived biasing potential of these different kinds of situations from the most biasing to the least biasing. Working for only one side in both civil and criminal cases had large scaled values and also were the first factor.

Do forensic practitioners distinguish between testifying and consulting experts? A pilot study.

Forensic mental health professionals (n=44) reviewed a series of statements that an attorney might make to a consulting or testifying expert. Each statement was rated for its degree of appropriateness to either the consulting or the testifying role. In light of increasing attention paid to this topic in the forensic practice literature, as well as long-standing distinctions recognized by the legal profession, it was originally hypothesized that participants would differentiate clearly between these roles; however, results of this pilot study indicate that forensic practitioners do not possess a consistent sense of which activities rest most comfortably within testimonial as opposed to consulting duties.

Perceptions of boundaries and cultural influences in Qatar.

Background: Boundary issues, which regularly arise in therapy, can present dilemmas for most clinicians. There has been substantial literature on boundary excursions in clinician-patient relationships, however, very little empirical research exists and is documented. As mental health researchers, we need to investigate a wide range of sensitive topics to enhance our understanding of the many issues that arise in the psychotherapeutic frame.

Clinicians' perceptions of boundaries in Brazil and the United States.

Although there has been considerable discussion of boundary excursions in clinician-patient relationships, little empirical research exists. This pilot study adds to the existing theoretical discussion by comparing perceptions by mental health professionals in Brazil and the United States of what may constitute boundary violations. Participants rated each possible boundary violation according to its degree of harm and professional unacceptability.

Expert witness perceptions of bias in experts.

A pilot study of perceptions of different sources of expert bias, as well as of personal investment in case outcomes, was performed among attendees at a workshop at an annual meeting of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law. Participants were asked to rate hypothetical responses by experts to various case outcomes and the biasing potential of different kinds of situations for opposing or other experts. A factor analysis produced two factors.

Stress and the forensic psychiatrist: a pilot study.

What are the sources of perceived occupational stress, and how troublesome are they to forensic psychiatrists? To examine these questions 1,800 90-item questionnaires were sent to the membership of AAPL. The questions explored what experiences forensic psychiatrists found most stressful and the degree of stress experienced. Three hundred seventy-two questionnaires were returned.