[The current treatment of superficial bladder tumors].

This is a report on 754 new patients with urinary bladder tumors, registered on a nationwide scale during 1993. In 540 of them (70 per cent) the lesion is superficially located with involvement of mucosa and submucosa alone (Ti(s), T(a), T1). It is pointed out that after introduction of the modern treatment methods using intrabladder instillation of chemical agents and immunotherapeutics, the rate of relapses shows a significant decrease, and the tendency of the tumor to infiltrate is decreased.

[The removal of calculi from the pelvic ureter by extracorporeal lithotripsy].

Using high-energy impulses from Dornier HM-3 lithotriptor, iliac ureteroliths were crushed in 18 patients for the period of 2.5 years. The mean age of the patients was 38 years.

[The surgical treatment of congenital hydronephrosis].

Experience is recorded with the operative treatment of congenital hydronephrosis in 56 patients, 14 to 59 years of age, over the period from January 1985 through July 1989. Of major importance for establishing correct diagnosis were excretory urography and ultrasound examination of the kidneys. Retrograde ureteropyelography was performed in only 5 patients on the operation day.

[The treatment of calculi in the iliac segment of the ureter by extracorporeal high-energy shockwave lithotripsy].

Experience is recorded with the treatment of calculi in the iliac segment of the ureter by extracorporal lithotripsy with high-energy stroke waves with lithotriptor of the firm "Dornier", model HM-3. For a period of 2 1/2 years 18 patients at mean age 38 years have been treated. Retrograde catheterization was always performed before lithotripsy.

[Clinical studies of the therapeutic effect of Flucinom in prostatic cancer].

Experience is recorded in the treatment of prostate cancer with Flucinom in 42 patients at mean age 64 years. This is a new synthetic patent medicine, a nonsteroid antiandrogen, product of the firm Schering (USA). It acts as concurrent inhibitor of the androgen acceptors in the cytoplasm of the glandular epithelium in prostate cells and averts the entry of the androgenic acceptor complex in the nucleus.

[Nonspecific immunotherapy with BCG vaccine in bladder tumors].

Clinical experience is recorded and summarized with the application of BCG vaccine for prophylaxis, treatment and immunochemotherapy of bladder tumors for the period June 1985-January 1988. Included in the study were 85 patients distributed in five groups: 23 patients treated for prevention of relapses; 26 treated for existing and residual surface tumors; 13 in whom BCG vaccine F-70 was applied for prophylaxis purpose; 17 with surface tumors treated only surgically--control group; 10 patients with advanced bladder tumor treated with immunochemotherapeutic agents. Once the results have been reported and discussed, the following inferences were made: 1.

[The diagnostic and treatment problems in kidney tumors].

Experience is recorded with the diagnosis and treatment of 90 patients with tumors of the kidney and its pyelocalyx system. Of all methods of diagnosis major importance is attached to computer axial tomography. It is emphasized that the approach to the kidney, the type and scope of the operative intervention should depend on the stage of tumor development.

[Extracorporeal lithotripsy of kidney and ureteral calculi after open operations].

Experience is recorded with the application of stroke-wave extracorporeal lithotripsy of calculi which have remained after open-technique operations for coral-shaped calculosis. Fifteen patients, 11 women and 4 men at mean age 43 years have been treated for the period 1.01.

BCG vaccine therapy for treatment of superficial bladder cancer.

A total of 42 patients were involved in the study of the effectiveness of BCG vaccine on superficial bladder tumours. The new Bulgarian vaccine CALGEVAX was administered intravesically in consecutive instillations once weekly and then once monthly for a period of 11 months. For intradermal application the F-70 subcellular preparation was used.

[Neurogenic urination disorders following radical surgical interventions in rectal carcinoma].

Experience is recorded with the study of 16 patients with neurogenic disorders of urination following radical operative interventions for rectal cancer. Their causes and the changes which they produce in the urinary tract are discussed in detail. The need of purposely carried out urologic investigations, such as excretory urography, cystography in anteroposterior, lateral and oblique projections and during micturition, bladder tonometry and measurement of residual urine is emphasize.

[The diagnosis and treatment of closed bladder injuries].

Blunt bladder injuries occupy a particular place among the problems of modern emergency urology. Regardless of their rarity, recognition of this type of traumatic injury is of exceptional importance for the urologist in his efforts to establish precise diagnosis and undertake rational treatment. Comprehensive knowledge is necessary both of the nature of the trauma and of its duration and the changes occurring in the damaged tissues in the different stages of treatment.

[The treatment of coralliform kidney calculosis with extracorporeal lithotripsy, percutaneous lithotripsy and ureteroscopy].

Experience is recorded with the combined treatment of 53 patients with coralliform renal calculosis. Combined application of bypass lithotripsy (BLT), percutaneous lithotripsy (PLT) and ureterorenoscopy (URS) is an alternative to open surgical intervention. Depending on the size, form and position of the calculus, the degree of destruction of the residual concrements, combined therapy was applied, as follows: 17 patients--PLT and BLT, 7 patients--PLT, BLT and URS, 7 patients--URS and BLT, 13 patients--BLT and URS, 8 patients--BLT and URS.

[The conservative surgical treatment of kidney tumors].

Seven cases are reported of patients with renal tumors in whom organ-preserving operations were performed. Two patients had only one kidney, the contralateral had been removed in the past. They had only partial resection of one third of the kidney performed.

[A new method for the surgical treatment of urinary incontinence following surgery of the prostate].

A new method is reported for operative treatment of urine incontinence, following transversal adenomectomy and transurethral resection of the prostate gland. The operative technique is described in detail. Its basic point is placing of a small "Ampoxen" ball over the urethral bulbus.

[Diagnosis and surgical treatment of primary tumors of the renal pelvis and ureter].

The incidence of primary tumors of the renal pelvis and ureter is progressively increasing; now they account for about 10 per cent of all urothelial tumors with predominance of papillary ones. They metastasize early, most frequently in the liver, the bones and the lung. For a period of 10 years, 46 patients with upper urinary tract tumors of epithelial origin have been examined and treated.

[Treatment of ureteral stricture using balloon dilatation].

Balloon dilatation is a new method in endourological treatment of diseases of the urogenital system. Personal experience is recorded with the treatment of ureter strictures by balloon dilatation. Thirteen patients were treated.