Genitourinary Prosthetic Use among Prostate Cancer Survivors Treated with Radical Prostatectomy.

Introduction: Erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence are well-known side effects of radical prostatectomy that, when refractory to medical therapy, can be addressed by major genitourinary prosthetic surgery (urethral slings, artificial urinary sphincters, penile prostheses). Although these procedures have been evaluated in single institution studies, population based analyses regarding their use have been sporadic. Thus, we characterized post-prostatectomy genitourinary prosthetic surgery in a contemporary, population based cohort of men with private insurance.

Nipah virus: A review on epidemiological characteristics and outbreaks to inform public health decision making.

The objectives of this review were to understand the epidemiology and outbreak of NiV infection and to discuss the preventive and control measures across different regions. We searched PubMed and Scopus for relevant articles from January 1999 to July 2018 and identified 927 articles which were screened for titles, abstracts and full texts by two review authors independently. The screening process resulted in 44 articles which were used to extract relevant information.

epiCaPture: A Urine DNA Methylation Test for Early Detection of Aggressive Prostate Cancer.

Purpose: Liquid biopsies that noninvasively detect molecular correlates of aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) could be used to triage patients, reducing the burdens of unnecessary invasive prostate biopsy and enabling early detection of high-risk disease. DNA hypermethylation is among the earliest and most frequent aberrations in PCa. We investigated the accuracy of a six-gene DNA methylation panel (Epigenetic Cancer of the Prostate Test in Urine [epiCaPture]) at detecting PCa, high-grade (Gleason score greater than or equal to 8) and high-risk (D'Amico and Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment] PCa from urine.

Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite-26 (EPIC-26) Online: Validation of an Internet-Based Instrument for Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life After Treatment for Localized Prostate Cancer.

Objectives: To test the validity of an Internet-based version of Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC-26) versus the phone-based version. Most men will survive for years after treatment for localized prostate cancer (PCa) and may experience lasting treatment-related toxicities affecting health-related quality of life. The EPIC-26 is a validated instrument that measures health-related quality of life across 5 PCa-specific domains.

Impedance spectroscopy data of Ag(GeSbSe) chalcogenide glasses.

Impedance spectroscopy is a valuable tool for the analysis of the ionic conductivity of both solid and liquid state materials. Chalcogenide glasses are well known for their high ionic conductivity nature and wide compositional flexibility. As the GeSbSe material has high glass forming ability, it is expected that the materials can be doped with a high amount of foreign element (in the present case Ag).

Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever serosurvey in humans for identifying high-risk populations and high-risk areas in the endemic state of Gujarat, India.

Background: Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a highly infectious zoonotic disease of humans transmitted by Hyalomma ticks. Earlier studies have shown CCHF seroprevalence in livestock throughout India, yet sporadic outbreaks have been recorded mostly from the Gujarat state of India since 2011. Occupational vulnerability to CCHF for animal handlers, veterinarians, abattoir workers, and healthcare workers has been documented.

MRI quantitation of abdominal skeletal muscle correlates with CT-based analysis: implications for sarcopenia measurement.

Sarcopenia is associated with poor outcomes in a variety of conditions, including malignancy. Abdominal skeletal muscle area (SMA) segmentation using computed tomography (CT) has been shown to be an accurate surrogate for identifying sarcopenia. While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) segmentation of SMA has been validated in cadaver limbs, few studies have validated abdominal SMA segmentation using MRI at lumbar level mid-L3.

Validation of "left ventricular early inflow-outflow index": A novel echocardiographic method for quantification of mitral regurgitation in an Indian population with special focus on rheumatic etiology.

Background: Quantification of mitral regurgitation (MR) has always required an "integrated approach" as there is no single gold-standard method. We investigated a new Doppler-derived parameter "left ventricular early inflow-outflow index (LVEIO)" for the quantification of MR and its likelihood to predict severe MR in correlation with already established parameters in an Indian population including a large subset of patients with rheumatic etiology.

Methods: A prospective study was performed at a major tertiary care center in western India over a 5-month period.

Structural organization of a major neuronal G protein regulator, the RGS7-Gβ5-R7BP complex.

Signaling by the G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) plays fundamental role in a vast number of essential physiological functions. Precise control of GPCR signaling requires action of regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins that deactivate heterotrimeric G proteins. RGS proteins are elaborately regulated and comprise multiple domains and subunits, yet structural organization of these assemblies is poorly understood.

Impact of prebiopsy magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate on cancer detection and treatment patterns.

Purpose: Though superior in clinical trial settings, outcomes following magnetic resonance image (MRI)-guided prostate biopsies have not been reported broadly. We compared prostate cancer detection rates for men who did and did not undergo prebiopsy MRI and evaluated treatment patterns based on biopsy approach, year of biopsy, and proximity to early adopters.

Methods: Using private insurance claims (2009-2015), we identified men who underwent prostate biopsy using appropriate procedure codes.

Fusion imaging: a bipartite approach.

Image fusion is the process of registering and combining multiple images from single or multiple imaging modalities to improve the imaging quality and applicability. It reduces randomness and redundancy to increase the diagnostic value of images for better assessment of medical problems. Fusion imaging was designed to overcome the disadvantages of morphological and/or functional imaging, and attempts to provide inputs that improve treatment planning, resulting in better prognostication.

Hypogonadism is independently associated with varicocele repair in a contemporary cohort of men in the USA.

We aimed to identify demographic and clinical predictors of varicocele repair in a contemporary cohort of men in the USA. We queried the 2009-2015 MarketScan Database using relevant ICD9, ICD10, and CPT codes to identify all 18-45 year olds with varicoceles. Differences in age, area of residence, clinical characteristics, and medical management between men who did and did not undergo varicocelectomy (open, laparoscopic, or microsurgical) during the study period were compared using unpaired t -tests and Chi-squared tests for continuous and categorical variables, respectively.

Elevated Serum Cytokines and Trichomonas vaginalis Serology at Diagnosis Are Not Associated With Higher Gleason Grade or Lethal Prostate Cancer.

Background: Inflammation and infections have been associated with prostate cancer progression. We assessed whether elevated serum cytokines or T. vaginalis seropositivity at the time of diagnosis was associated with higher grade or lethal prostate cancer.

Design and Synthesis of Coumarin-Imidazole Hybrid Chromophores: Solvatochromism, Acidochromism and Nonlinear Optical Properties.

A set of linear and asymmetric coumarin-imidazole hybrid compounds having a N,N-diethylamine at 7-position and imidazole at 3-position on the coumarin were synthesized. Insertion of thiophene π-spacer between coumarin and imidazole moieties (5b, 5d) leads to redshifted absorption and emission compared to 5a and 5c. All the compounds show a noticeable response to trifluoroacetic acid with a redshifted absorption and an increase in emission intensity by twofold.

The expression of TTF1, CDX2 and ISL1 in 74 poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas.

Background: The expression profile of immunohistochemical markers of origin in poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (PDNEC) is not well studied.

Materials And Methods: Seventy-four PDNECs from gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) organs and the lung, including 48 large cell NEC (LCNEC) and 26 small cell carcinomas (SmCC), were subject to immunohistochemical staining for CDX2, TTF1 and ISL1. The staining intensity (1 to 3) and percentage of positive tumor cells [0 (negative), 1 (<50%) and 2 (≥50%)] were assessed.

An Update on the Role of Immunohistochemistry in the Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders.

As in other organ systems, immunohistochemistry (IHC) serves as an ancillary diagnostic tool for a wide variety of neoplastic and non-neoplastic disorders, including infections, work-up of inflammatory conditions, and subtyping neoplasms of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In addition, IHC is also used to detect a variety of prognostic and predictive molecular biomarkers for carcinomas of the GI tract. The purpose of this review is to highlight the use of IHC in common diagnostic scenarios throughout the tubular GI tract.

A Randomized Trial Comparing Effect of Yoga and Exercises on Quality of Life in among nursing population with Chronic Low Back Pain.

Background: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) adversely affects quality of life (QOL) in nursing professionals. Integrated yoga has a positive impact on CLBP. Studies assessing the effects of yoga on CLBP in nursing population are lacking.

Natural agents in the management of oral mucositis in cancer patients-systematic review.

Introduction: Oral mucositis is most severe complication of cancer therapy characterized by ulcerative lesions of oral mucosa causing negative impact on patient's quality of life. Wide variety of therapeutic agents are available to reduce the lesions of mucositis. Currently, natural herbal remedies have become popular in treating this condition due to fewer side effects than synthetic drugs.

Kidney cancer demographics and outcome data from 2013 at a tertiary cancer hospital in India.

Introduction: The stage at diagnosis of renal cell cancer (RCC) in developed countries is lower due to increased utilization of routine health checkups by patients compared to developed countries. This study aims to determine the sociodemographic and clinical distribution of RCC in patients presenting to Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH).

Subjects And Methods: We performed a retrospective audit of all patients presenting to TMH with a diagnosis of RCC.

Molecular Deconvolution Platform to Establish Disease Mechanisms by Surveying GPCR Signaling.

Despite the wealth of genetic information available, mechanisms underlying pathological effects of disease-associated mutations in components of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling cascades remain elusive. In this study, we developed a scalable approach for the functional analysis of clinical variants in GPCR pathways along with a complete analytical framework. We applied the strategy to evaluate an extensive set of dystonia-causing mutations in G protein Gαolf.

HIV Stigma Reduction for Health Facility Staff: Development of a Blended- Learning Intervention.

The effect of stigma on health and health inequity is increasingly recognized. While many medical conditions trigger stigmatization, the negative effects of HIV stigma are particularly well documented. HIV stigma undermines access, uptake, and adherence to both HIV prevention and treatment.

Identification and characterization of novel mosquito-borne (Kammavanpettai virus) and tick-borne (Wad Medani) reoviruses isolated in India.

In 1954, a virus named Wad Medani virus (WMV) was isolated from Hyalomma marginatum ticks from Maharashtra State, India. In 1963, another virus was isolated from Sturnia pagodarum birds in Tamil Nadu, India, and named Kammavanpettai virus (KVPTV) based on the site of its isolation. Originally these virus isolates could not be identified with conventional methods.