'Semen dilution effect' on sperm variables and conception rate in buffalo.

The study aim was to determine how to minimize effects of buffalo semen dilution by evaluating the use of egg yolk (EY), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and OptiXcell (OC) extenders. Ejaculates (n = 18 from six bulls) were divided into three aliquots that were diluted separately with EY, LDL, and OC extenders corresponding to 20 million (M), 12 M, and 2 M sperm/dose, respectively, and cryopreserved. There were a lesser sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity, and percentage un-capacitated sperm with the 2 M sperm/dose, however, the LDL extender was more effective than OC and EY extender for cryopreservation of buffalo sperm.

An effectiveness-implementation hybrid type 1 trial assessing the impact of group versus individual antenatal care on maternal and infant outcomes in Malawi.

Background: Sub-Saharan Africa has the world's highest rates of maternal and perinatal mortality and accounts for two-thirds of new HIV infections and 25% of preterm births. Antenatal care, as the entry point into the health system for many women, offers an opportunity to provide life-saving monitoring, health promotion, and health system linkages. Change is urgently needed, because potential benefits of antenatal care are not realized when pregnant women experience long wait times and short visits with inconsistent provisioning of essential services and minimal health promotion, especially for HIV prevention.

Aloin protects against arsenic trioxide-induced myocardial membrane damage and release of inflammatory cytokines.

Aloin exerts concentration-dependent pro-oxidant and antioxidant effects when tested in vitro. Such duality of effects has not been investigated through in vivo studies on aloin. We evaluated the effects of aloin at doses ranging between 1 and 125 mg/kg against the arsenic trioxide (AsO)-induced cardiotoxicity in mice.

LRRTMs Organize Synapses through Differential Engagement of Neurexin and PTPσ.

Presynaptic neurexins (Nrxs) and type IIa receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) organize synapses through a network of postsynaptic ligands. We show that leucine-rich-repeat transmembrane neuronal proteins (LRRTMs) differentially engage the protein domains of Nrx but require its heparan sulfate (HS) modification to induce presynaptic differentiation. Binding to the HS of Nrx is sufficient for LRRTM3 and LRRTM4 to induce synaptogenesis.

Early versus delayed postoperative radiotherapy for treatment of low-grade gliomas.

Background: This is an update of the review originally published in 2011 and first updated in 2015. In most people with low-grade gliomas (LGG), the primary treatment regimen remains a combination of surgery followed by postoperative radiotherapy. However, the optimal timing of radiotherapy is controversial.

Clinical application of near infrared fiber optic spectroscopy for noninvasive bone assessment.

Approaches for noninvasive bone quality assessment are of great clinical need, particularly in individuals that require close monitoring of disease progression. X-ray measurements are standard approaches to assess bone quality; however, they have several disadvantages. Here, a nonionizing approach for noninvasive assessment of the second metacarpal bone based on near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was investigated.

Developing Action Plans in Youth Photovoice to Address Community-Level HIV Risk in Rural Malawi.

Youth-driven approaches to HIV prevention can engage youth and improve health outcomes. Photovoice has been used to engage youth in identifying the assets and challenges in their communities. In sub-Saharan Africa, youth remain vulnerable to HIV infection.

Dawn of a New Age Fissure Sealant? A Study Evaluating the Clinical Performance of Embrace WetBond and ART Sealants: Results from a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Objectives:  The main purpose of this article is to evaluate the clinical performance of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) sealant versus Embrace WetBond sealant in terms of retention and fissure caries prevention among a section of school children in the southern Indian state of Karnataka (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02716558).

Materials And Methods:  After obtaining consent from the parents and screening the children against the inclusion cum exclusion criteria, 90 school children whose mandibular first molars were caries free and with a well-defined pit and fissure system were recruited for this spilt mouth trial.

Behavioral evolution contributes to hindbrain diversification among Lake Malawi cichlid fish.

The evolutionary diversification of animal behavior is often associated with changes in the structure and function of nervous systems. Such evolutionary changes arise either through alterations of individual neural components ("mosaically") or through scaling of the whole brain ("concertedly"). Here we show that the evolution of a courtship behavior in Malawi cichlid fish is associated with rapid, extensive, and specific diversification of orosensory, gustatory centers in the hindbrain.

Does Interim PET Scan After 2 Cycles of ABVD Predict Outcome in Hodgkin Lymphoma? Real-World Evidence.

Purpose: Escalated BEACOPP (bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone) improves overall survival (OS) in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) relative to ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine) therapy. However, the associated higher cost and toxicity discourage clinicians from prescribing it. Identifying high-risk patients and administering escalated BEACOPP remains an effective strategy.

Needs Assessment for a Comprehensive Reemployment Program Among Residents of a Work Rehabilitation Program for Individuals With Unstable or Lack of Housing.

Objective: Individuals in transitional housing programs often have a goal of reaching stable employment, but the unique needs and barriers for achieving this warrants further study.

Methods: A structured interview guide was administered orally and descriptive data analysis was done for this exploratory mixed-methods study.

Results: Commonly reported reemployment challenges included legal barriers and unmet transportation, housing, and financial needs.

Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma of Parotid Gland: A Diagnostic Challenge.

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma of salivary gland is a rare clinical entity most commonly involving the parotid gland and mimics a salivary gland carcinoma. It has an aggressive clinical course with poor prognosis. Majority of the cases are diagnosed after surgical excision whereas the principal treatment is non-surgical (chemotherapy).

Integrated primary palliative care model; facilitators and challenges of primary care/family physicians providing community-based palliative care.

Introduction: Patients with advanced cancer often suffer from complex symptoms necessitating constant supervision and management. Primary care/family physicians act as an important bridge between the patients in the community and the specialists in the hospital ensuring continuity of care.

Materials And Methods: The present paper explored the facilitators and challenges in providing home-based palliative care as perceived by the primary care/family physicians (PCP/FP).

Thermal and mechanical quantitative sensory testing values among healthy African American adults.

Purpose: Only a few studies have reported quantitative sensory testing (QST) reference values for healthy African Americans, and those studies are limited in sample size and age of participants. The study purpose was to characterize QST values in healthy, pain-free African American adults and older adults whose prior pain experiences and psychological status were also measured. We examined the QST values for differences by sex, age, and body test site.

Animal Models of Inflammation for Screening of Anti-inflammatory Drugs: Implications for the Discovery and Development of Phytopharmaceuticals.

Inflammation is one of the common events in the majority of acute as well as chronic debilitating diseases and represent a chief cause of morbidity in today's era of modern lifestyle. If unchecked, inflammation leads to development of rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and atherosclerosis along with pulmonary, autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases. Inflammation involves a complex network of many mediators, a variety of cells, and execution of multiple pathways.

Content based medical image retrieval based on new efficient local neighborhood wavelet feature descriptor.

This paper presents a new class of local neighborhood based wavelet feature descriptor (LNWFD) for content based medical image retrieval (CBMIR). To retrieve images effectively from large medical databases is backbone of diagnosis. Existing wavelet transform based medical image retrieval methods suffer from high length feature vector with confined retrieval performance.

The Experience and Health-Related Quality of Life after Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation for Adults with Sickle Cell Disease.

Haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from partially matched first-degree relatives (e.g., parent, sibling, child) is the newest therapy available to reverse symptoms of adults with sickle cell disease.

The experience of adults with sickle cell disease and their HLA-matched adult sibling donors after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Aim: To provide a rich description and in-depth understanding of the recipient-donor allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation experience.

Background: A stem cell transplant has a high likelihood of improving symptoms of sickle cell disease in adults. While studies have reported the transplant experiences of recipients and donors with haematological malignancies, no published reports have examined the experience of both adult recipients with sickle cell disease and their donors.

Targeted phenolic profiling of and grapes grown in two regions of India by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

The phenolic compounds play an important role in production of quality grapes and wines. The current investigation focused on optimization of an extraction method for targeted analysis of 33 phenolic compounds in grapes by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The optimized method was successfully used for phenolic profiling of two wine grape varieties, (white) and (red) originated from Pune and Nasik regions of Maharashtra State, India.

"Piezosurgery vs bur in impacted mandibular third molar surgery: Evaluation of postoperative sequelae".

Purpose: Piezosurgery is a relatively novel, precise and safe technique of ostectomy in the domain of oral and maxillofacial surgery. Our aim was to compare the inflammatory outcomes of osteotomy using piezosurgery and conventional bur in impacted mandibular third molar (IM3M) surgery.

Subjects And Method: The study implemented a randomized, double-blind, crossover design.

Vulvodynia, "A Really Great Torturer": A Mixed Methods Pilot Study Examining Pain Experiences and Drug/Non-drug Pain Relief Strategies.

Background: Women with vulvodynia, a chronic pain condition, experience vulvar pain and dyspareunia. Few studies examine the range and combination of treatment strategies that women are actually using to reduce vulvodynia.

Aim: To describe pain experiences and pain relief strategies of women with vulvodynia.

Mexican American Adolescent Mothers' Lived Experience: Grounded Ethnicity and Authentic Mothering.

We conducted this qualitative, phenomenological study to further understanding of how second-generation Mexican American adolescent mothers perceive their young motherhood experience, drawing on the context of their Mexican heritage background. Through in-person interviews with 18 young mothers, we discerned shared essential meanings reconstructed around two major domains: (a) , a firm desire to remain true to and share their heritage culture, and (b) , strong relationality to their infants. We found that young mothers embraced their Mexican heritage mothering approaches, such as fostering , valuing family above other obligations.