A literature review of bioactive substances for the treatment of periodontitis: , and clinical studies.

Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the tooth that involves a complex interaction of microorganisms and various cell lines around the infected site. To prevent and treat this disease, several options are available, such as scaling, root planning, antibiotic treatment, and dental surgeries, depending on the stage of the disease. However, these treatments can have various side effects, including additional inflammatory responses, chronic wounds, and the need for secondary surgery.

α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity and Cytotoxicity of CeO Nanoparticles Fabricated Using a Mixture of Different Cerium Precursors.

A mixture of three distinct cerium precursors (Ce(NO)·6HO, CeCl·7HO, and Ce(CHCOO)·HO) was used to prepare cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO NPs) in a polyol-mediated synthesis. Different ratios of diethylene glycol (DEG) and HO were utilized in the synthesis. The properties of the synthesized CeO NPs, such as structural and morphological properties, were investigated to observe the effect of the mixed cerium precursors.

Effects of NO, Cl, and CHCOO anions and diethylene glycol on the morphological, structural, antidiabetic, and cell viability properties of CeO nanoparticles.

Cerium oxide (CeO) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using a modified conventional polyol method. The ratio of diethylene glycol (DEG) and water in the synthesis was varied, and three different cerium precursor salts (Ce(NO), CeCl, and Ce(CHCOO)) were used. The structure, size, and morphology of the synthesized CeO NPs were studied.

Marine-derived biopolymers as potential bioplastics, an eco-friendly alternative.

The manufacturing and consumption of plastic products have steadily increased over the past decades due to rising global demand, resulting not only in the depletion of petroleum resources but also increased environmental pollution due to the non-biodegradable nature of conventional plastics. Moreover, despite being introduced into the market as an alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics, biobased plastics are mainly manufactured from agricultural crop-based sources, which has negative impacts on the environment and the livelihoods of people. Marine-derived bioplastics are becoming a promising and cost-effective solution to the rising demand for plastic products.

Multifunctional dual cross-linked poly (vinyl alcohol)/methacrylate hyaluronic acid/chitooligosaccharide-sinapic acid wound dressing hydrogel.

Wound dressing hydrogel with multifunctional properties, including antioxidant and antimicrobial properties and appropriate mechanical, biological, and physical properties is of great interest in wound healing application and it is still a challenge. In the present study, chitooligosaccharides (COS)/ sinapic acid (SA) conjugate (COS-SA) was synthesized using HO-induced grafting polymerization, and photo cross-linkable hyaluronic acid was synthesized using methacrilation (HAMA). The synthesis of COS-SA and HAMA was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, and polyphenol assay.

Enhanced wound-healing capability with inherent antimicrobial activities of usnic acid incorporated poly(ε-caprolactone)/decellularized extracellular matrix nanofibrous scaffold.

An extracellular matrix-mimicking, biodegradable tissue-engineered skin substitute with improved antibacterial, antibiofilm, and wound healing capabilities is essential in skin tissue regeneration applications. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel biodegradable composite nanofibrous poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) scaffolds loaded with usnic acid (UA); (PEU), where UA is employed as an antibacterial agent as well as a wound-healing accelerator. The architecture and fiber structure of the scaffolds were examined using scanning electron microscopy, and the results revealed that the average diameters decreased as the dECM content increased.

Inhibitory activities of phloroglucinol-chitosan nanoparticles on mono- and dual-species biofilms of Candida albicans and bacteria.

Phloroglucinol (PG) was encapsulated into chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) using a simple ionic gelification technique, and the inhibitory activity of the resulting nanoparticles on microbial mono- and dual-species biofilms was investigated. PG-CSNPs were determined to be spherical with a rough surface, and had an average diameter and zeta potential of 414.0 ± 48.

Phloroglucinol-Gold and -Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Antibiofilm and Antivirulence Activities towards PAO1.

With the advancement of nanotechnology, several nanoparticles have been synthesized as antimicrobial agents by utilizing biologically derived materials. In most cases, the materials used for the synthesis of nanoparticles from natural sources are extracts. Natural extracts contain a wide range of bioactive components, making it difficult to pinpoint the exact component responsible for nanoparticle synthesis.

Wound healing properties of triple cross-linked poly (vinyl alcohol)/methacrylate kappa-carrageenan/chitooligosaccharide hydrogel.

To develop an effective and mechanically robust wound dressing, a poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/methacrylate kappa-carrageenan (κ-CaMA) composite hydrogel encapsulated with a chitooligosaccharide (COS) was prepared in a cassette via repeated freeze/thaw cycles, photo-crosslinking, and chemical cross-linking. The chemical, physical, mechanical, in vitro biocompatibility, in vivo wound-healing properties, and antibacterial activity of triple-crosslinked hydrogel were subsequently characterized. The results showed that the PVA/κ-CaMA/COS (Pκ-CaC) hydrogel had a uniformly thick, highly porous three-dimensional architecture with uniformly distributed pores, a high fluid absorption, and retention capacity without disturbing its mechanical stability, and good in vitro biocompatibility.

Electrospun porous bilayer nano-fibrous fish collagen/PCL bio-composite scaffolds with covalently cross-linked chitooligosaccharides for full-thickness wound-healing applications.

The development of tissue-engineered biodegradable artificial tissue substitutes with extracellular matrix-mimicking properties that govern the interaction between the material and biological environment is of great interest in wound-healing applications. In the present study, novel bilayer nanofibrous scaffolds composed of fish collagen (FC) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) were fabricated using electrospinning, with the covalent attachment of chitooligosaccharides (COS) via carbodiimide chemistry. The architecture and fiber diameter of the non-cross-linked nanofibrous scaffolds remained consistent irrespective of the polymer ratio under different electrospinning conditions, but the fiber diameter changed after cross-linking in association with the FC content.

Recent advances in biological macromolecule based tissue-engineered composite scaffolds for cardiac tissue regeneration applications.

Tissue engineering has become a primary research topic for the treatment of diseased or damaged cardiac tissue, which is a global healthcare concern. Current tissue engineering strategies utilise biomimetic scaffolds and cells that promote healthy growth and regeneration of cardiac tissue. Successful cardiac tissue engineering (CTE) requires scaffolds that mimic the natural anisotropy and microstructure of native tissues, while simultaneously supporting proliferation and differentiation and acting as a natural extracellular matrix (ECM) substitute until it is replaced by the body's residing cells.

Antithrombin III-mediated blood coagulation inhibitory activity of chitosan sulfate derivatized with different functional groups.

Acylated chitosan sulfate (ChS1), a sulfated polysaccharide with high anticoagulant activity, was chemically synthesized and structurally characterized using FT-IR analysis. The beneficial structural properties and high availability of the sulfate group in ChS1 led to greater anticoagulant activity through both the intrinsic and common pathways with antithrombin III (AT III)-mediated inhibition, particularly involving coagulation factors FXa and FIIa. The analysis of the binding affinities using surface plasma resonance found that the equilibrium dissociation constant (K) of ChS1 for FXa and FIIa in the presence of AT III was 67.

Fish collagen/alginate/chitooligosaccharides integrated scaffold for skin tissue regeneration application.

An emerging paradigm in wound healing techniques is that a tissue-engineered skin substitute offers an alternative approach to create functional skin tissue. Here we developed a fish collagen/alginate (FCA) sponge scaffold that was functionalized by different molecular weights of chitooligosaccharides (COSs) with the use of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride as a cross-linking agent. The effects of cross-linking were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Marine-derived biological macromolecule-based biomaterials for wound healing and skin tissue regeneration.

Wound healing is a complex biological process that depends on the wound condition, the patient's health, and the physicochemical support given through external materials. The development of bioactive molecules and engineered tissue substitutes to provide physiochemical support to enhance the wound healing process plays a key role in advancing wound-care management. Thus, identification of ideal molecules in wound treatment is still in progress.