Evaluation of change in the contact of IOL with the posterior capsule with respect to the orientation of haptics of the IOL using intraoperative spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To study change in the contact of intraocular lens (IOL) with the posterior capsule with respect to the vertical versus horizontal orientation of the haptic-optic junction of the IOL using intraoperative spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Methods: Fifty eyes of 50 patients with senile immature cataract underwent topical phacoemulsification procedure with implantation of a monofocal IOL by a single experienced surgeon. The Rescan 700 SD-OCT system was used for intraoperative imaging.

Multiple DNA repair pathways prevent acetaldehyde-induced mutagenesis in yeast.

Acetaldehyde is the primary metabolite of alcohol and is present in many environmental sources including tobacco smoke. Acetaldehyde is genotoxic, whereby it can form DNA adducts and lead to mutagenesis. Individuals with defects in acetaldehyde clearance pathways have increased susceptibility to alcohol-associated cancers.

Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Danicopan as Add-On Therapy to Ravulizumab or Eculizumab in PNH With Significant EVH.

Complement C5 inhibitor treatment with ravulizumab or eculizumab for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) improves outcomes and survival. Some patients remain anemic due to clinically significant extravascular hemolysis (cs-EVH: hemoglobin [Hgb] ≤9.5 g/dL and absolute reticulocyte count [ARC] ≥120×109/L).

BAG-3 Mutation Dilated Cardiomyopathy With Left Ventricular Noncompaction in Young Healthy Adult.

Cardiomyopathies are generally divided into ischemic and nonischemic types. Dilated cardiomyopathies, which are a type of nonischemic cardiomyopathy, may have a trait of left ventricular noncompaction. We present the case of a 34-year-old man with new-onset decompensated heart failure and left ventricular noncompaction from a BAG3 (Bcl-2 associated athanogene 3) truncating mutation.

A robust benchmark for detecting low-frequency variants in the HG002 Genome In A Bottle NIST reference material.

Somatic mosaicism is an important cause of disease, but mosaic and somatic variants are often challenging to detect because they exist in only a fraction of cells. To address the need for benchmarking subclonal variants in normal cell populations, we developed a benchmark containing mosaic variants in the Genome in a Bottle Consortium (GIAB) HG002 reference material DNA from a large batch of a normal lymphoblastoid cell line. First, we used a somatic variant caller with high coverage (300x) Illumina whole genome sequencing data from the Ashkenazi Jewish trio to detect variants in HG002 not detected in at least 5% of cells from the combined parental data.

Pioneering Computational Culture Within Pharmacy Schools by Empowering Students With Data Science and Bioinformatics Skills.

As advancements in digital health lead to the generation of increasingly diverse and voluminous pharmaceutical data, it is increasingly critical that we teach trainee pharmaceutical scientists how to leverage this data to lead future innovations in healthcare and pharmaceutical research. To address this need, the University of Southern California Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (USC Mann) is incorporating data science and bioinformatics into the graduate and undergraduate curricula through introductory courses tailored for students without prior programming experience.

The kinematic coupling during Ponseti correction in idiopathic clubfoot: A quantitative analysis.

Background: The study aimed to quantify and correlate kinematic coupling linkage of foot abduction (correction of adduction) and inversion, heel varus and ankle equinus for clubfeet corrected by Ponseti technique.

Methods: Measurements of foot abduction (derotation of carpopedal block), heel varus and ankle equinus were available from Dimeglio scores in 25 feet. Radiological angles were considered for foot inversion-eversion.

Utilization of an Off-Site Patient Navigator to Facilitate HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Referrals in Patients with Sexually Transmitted Infections in the Emergency Department.

The emergency department (ED) is an important setting to identify people at increased risk of HIV infection who may benefit from HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). However, prescribing or referral for PrEP in the ED is not widespread. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of an off-site HIV PrEP patient navigator to facilitate PrEP access for patients who seek care for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the ED.

Roflumilast mitigates cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by regulating TNF-α/TNFR1/TNFR2/Fas/Caspase mediated apoptosis and inflammatory signals.

Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of roflumilast on modulating TNF-α/Caspase mediated cellular signals in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

Methods: The rats (Male Wistar) were divided into five groups: normal control, disease control (cisplatin: 7 mg/kg i.p.

A phase III study to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of fasinumab in patients with pain due to osteoarthritis of the knee or hip.

Background: Pain associated with osteoarthritis (OA) is frequently disabling; treatments are often ineffective or intolerable. Fasinumab selectively inhibits nerve-growth factor and has shown efficacy for the management of OA pain.

Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, phase III safety study, patients with moderate-to-severe OA pain and history of inadequate pain relief received placebo or fasinumab (at 1, 3, 6, and 9 ​mg every 4 weeks [Q4W] and 1 and 6 ​mg every 8 weeks [Q8W] for 52 weeks).

StableLift: Optimized Germline and Somatic Variant Detection Across Genome Builds.

Reference genomes are foundational to modern genomics. Our growing understanding of genome structure leads to continual improvements in reference genomes and new genome "builds" with incompatible coordinate systems. We quantified the impact of genome build on germline and somatic variant calling by analyzing tumour-normal whole-genome pairs against the two most widely used human genome builds.

Colibactin Exerts Androgen-dependent and -independent Effects on Prostate Cancer.

Background And Objective: The etiology of prostate cancer (PC) is multifactorial and poorly understood. It has been suggested that colibactin-producing Escherichia coli positive for the pathogenicity island pks (pks) initiate cancers via induction of genomic instability. In PC, androgens promote oncogenic translocations.

Shatavarin-IV rescues the Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) induced oxidative stress in rat granulosa cells in vitro.

Studies provide notable evidence that oxidative stress (OS) mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) disturb reproductive health. We have shown in our previous publication that exposure of Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), induces OS mediated ROS generation which inhibits steroid synthesis. In the present study, we demonstrated the ameliorative/protective effects of one of the steroidal saponins, i.

Clinical utility of artificial intelligence-augmented endobronchial ultrasound elastography in lymph node staging for lung cancer.

Objective: Endobronchial ultrasound elastography produces a color map of mediastinal lymph nodes, with the color blue (level 60) indicating stiffness. Our pilot study demonstrated that predominantly blue lymph nodes, with a stiffness area ratio greater than 0.496, are likely malignant.

Cultural Insiders and Graphic Stories to Promote Research Readiness Among the South Asian Community: A Focus on Purpose, Protection, and Participation.

South Asians living in the United States are frequently underrepresented in health research. Their lack of participation limits the generalizability of research to them and keeps them from receiving the high-quality care and innovation that some studies may offer. "Research Ready" is a five-panel, community co-created graphic-style story that encourages discussion around the purpose of research, safety/protection while participating, and why diverse participation-including South Asians-improves study results and leads to more effective interventions/treatments.

Coronary embolism and acute limb ischemia without pre-existing atrial fibrillation: Hunt for the hidden thrombus.

Coronary embolism (CE) is an infrequent etiology of myocardial infarction secondary to embolization of occlusive thrombi within the coronary arteries, typically arising in patients with pre-existing atrial fibrillation. Clinical presentation is similar to atherosclerotic myocardial infarction, however the condition is likely underrecognized. The simultaneous presence of other embolic manifestations may assist with diagnosis, although definitive therapy, medical or interventional, remains inconclusive.

Pattern of care and treatment outcomes of metastatic non-clear cell kidney cancer: a single centre experience from India.

Background: Non-clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC) refers to a rare diverse heterogeneous group of tumours; usually treated with immune check point inhibitors and or tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Prospective large-scale data from Asian countries is limited.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients with metastatic nccRCC treated at Tata Medical Centre, Kolkata, India, from 2012 to 2022.

Development of Pro-resolving and Pro-efferocytic Nanoparticles for Atherosclerosis Therapy.

Atherosclerosis is a major contributor to cardiovascular diseases with a high global prevalence. It is characterized by the formation of lipid-laden plaques in the arteries, which eventually lead to plaque rupture and thrombosis. While the current lipid-lowering therapies are generally effective in lowering the risk of cardiovascular events, they do not address the underlying causes of disease.

Unveiling LGR5: Prostate cancer's hidden stem cell and treatment target.

Prostate cancer poses a significant risk to the well-being and way of life of countless men, with an increased likelihood of relapse recorded following modern treatment. This highlights the need for innovative approaches, specifically targeting LGR5. This systematic review aims to establish a connection between LGR5 and the various signaling pathways involved in the progression of prostate cancer.

New insights into prostate Cancer from the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

Prostate cancer is among the most common malignancies found in men, with multifactorial changes occurring altogether to disrupt the pathophysiology of this gland. The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) is an extensively studied pathway that has newly attributed fundamental roles in cancer biology that impact cell growth, migration, metastasis, and death. These processes are significantly influenced by various components of the RAAS, including prorenin, AT1R, AT2R, and Ang 1-7/Mas receptors.