Isolated Sagittal Craniosynostosis and Open or Endoscopic Cranial Vault Remodeling: An Evaluation of Developmental Outcomes.

Background: Craniosynostosis, a condition involving the premature fusion of cranial sutures, can impair brain development and potentially lead to developmental delays. This study compares open cranial vault remodeling versus endoscopic strip craniectomy treatment for isolated sagittal craniosynostosis, primarily focusing on development outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary pediatric surgery center, involving all 45 patients treated surgically for isolated sagittal craniosynostosis from 2013 to 2024.

NSTEMI and Ischemic Mitral Regurgitation: Incidence and Long-Term Clinical Outcomes with Respect to Management Strategy.

Background: The optimal treatment for ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) in patients of non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is a debated topic.

Objective: To evaluate the long term outcome on patients with NSTEMI and IMR, particularly emphasizing the comparison of treatments in those with moderate to severe MR.

Methods: We enrolled patients with NSTEMI and classified non/trivial to mild regurgitation as insignificant IMR and moderate to severe regurgitation as significant IMR.

Evaluation of Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin and Anthracycline Dosing for Favorable Risk Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) is a CD33-targeting antibody-drug conjugate approved for the treatment of CD33-positive de novo and relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Subset analyses have demonstrated improved clinical outcomes in patients with favorable-risk disease. It is unclear whether the addition of GO to cytarabine and anthracycline chemotherapy (7+3) improves clinical outcomes compared with other conventional regimens for AML.

Comparing ChatGPT vs Surgeon-Generated Informed Consent Documentation for Plastic Surgery Procedures.

Informed consent is a crucial requirement of a patient's surgical care but can be a burdensome task. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning language models may provide an alternative approach to writing detailed, readable consent forms in an efficient manner. No studies have assessed the accuracy and completeness of AI-generated consents for aesthetic plastic surgeries.

Association between measures of kidney function and preserved ratio impaired spirometry in diabetes: NHANES 2007-2012.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the relationship between measures of kidney function and impaired lung function in individuals with diabetes and to assess all-cause mortality risk associated with having chronic kidney disease (CKD) and or impaired lung function.

Design: Cross-sectional and retrospective cohort study.

Setting: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2012.

Assessing pain management in total joint arthroplasty using the Detroit interventional pain assessment scale-A prospective cohort study.

Background: Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is an effective treatment for end-stage osteoarthritis, but postoperative pain has been poorly managed. The purpose of this study was to (1) assess how much narcotic medication was prescribed after TJA; (2) assess if patients were satisfied with their pain management; (3) compare these same data between total hip arthroplasty (THA)/total knee arthroplasty (TKA); (4) compare these same data between preoperative opioid users/opioid-naïve patients.

Methods: An IRB-approved prospective study was conducted at a US academic joint replacement practice.

Best practice in COPD care: a health equity approach.

There is a strong evidence base for the best care in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as outlined by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in its five fundamentals of COPD care: offer treatment and support to stop smoking; offer pneumococcal and influenza vaccinations; offer pulmonary rehabilitation if indicated; codevelop a personalised self-management plan; and optimise treatment for comorbidities. However, only a minority of those living with COPD receive or engage with all five interventions, with clear implications for outcomes. Further, barriers which prevent people who live with COPD accessing necessary care are unequally experienced.

Does the geographic region of plastic surgery away rotations influence residency match success by region?

Introduction: Integrated plastic surgery is consistently one of the most competitive residency specialties to successfully match. Students, advisors, and mentors are constantly looking for strategies to increase the odds of successfully matching. Away rotations (AR) give students and residency programs a chance to experience each other and get a gage of program fit and gives the student ability to show interest in a geographic region.

Nicorandil treatment improves survival and spatial learning in aged granulin knockout mice.

Mutations in the human granulin (GRN) gene are associated with multiple diseases, including dementia disorders such as frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE). We studied a Grn knockout (Grn-KO) mouse model in order to evaluate a potential therapeutic strategy for these diseases using nicorandil, a commercially available agonist for the ABCC9/Abcc9-encoded regulatory subunit of the "KATP" channel that is well-tolerated in humans. Aged (13 months) Grn-KO and wild-type (WT) mice were treated as controls or with nicorandil (15 mg/kg/day) in drinking water for 7 months, then tested for neurobehavioral performance, neuropathology, and gene expression.

An Analysis of Relation Among Three Levels of Ala-Tragus Line and Natural Occlusal Plane in Young Dentulous Subjects - A Cross-sectional Photographic Study.

Occlusal plane determination plays an evident role in successful rehabilitation of completely edentulous patients. The most commonly used method is by using Camper's plane. But the posterior reference point of Camper's plane is debatable according to available literature.

Epidemiological Study of Sleep Apnea Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors in a Large Patient Population.

Background: Significant morbidity and death are linked to (SP), a prevalent sleep disease. For successful management, it is essential to comprehend its prevalence and the risk factors that are linked with it. The purpose of this study was to look at the prevalence of SP in a large patient group that was visiting a tertiary care facility and to discover risk variables that are connected with it.

The Rapidly Evolving Treatment Landscape of Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer.

The management of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) or castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) has become increasingly complex with the tremendous progress that has been made in this space within the past few decades. In the early days of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), ADT monotherapy was the mainstay for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. However, novel hormone therapies in the form of androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPI) have emerged; vaccine therapy, chemotherapy with docetaxel and cabazitaxel, and radioactive ligands have shaped the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer in the last decade.

The role of double heterozygotes of SLC3A1 and SLC7A9 in the prevalence of cystine stones.

Purpose: Cystine stones, an autosomal recessive disorder caused by cystinuria, result from pathogenic variants of SLC3A1 and SLC7A9. Previous publications revealed that clinical prevalence is higher than genetically predicted prevalence. Heterozygotes in either gene are not stone formers.

Phylogenomic and molecular marker based studies to clarify the evolutionary relationships amongst species and demarcation of the family and some of its constituent genera.

The family was recently proposed encompassing the genera , , , and . Of these genera, contains >50% of the species. However, species form multiple unrelated clades in phylogenetic trees and their evolutionary relationships are unclear.

Extracellular Vesicle-Associated Neutrophil Elastase Activates Hepatic Stellate Cells and Promotes Liver Fibrogenesis via ERK1/2 Pathway.

Liver fibrosis associated with increased mortality is caused by activation of hepatic stellate cells and excessive production and accumulation of extracellular matrix in response to fibrotic insults. It has been shown that in addition to liver inflammation, systemic inflammation also contributes to liver fibrogenesis. A deeper understanding of mechanisms that control liver fibrotic response to intra- and extra-hepatic inflammation is essential to develop novel clinical strategies against this disease.

Improving undergraduate education in immunology through assessment of interdisciplinary scientific knowledge.

The interdisciplinary nature of immunology can make studying not only engaging but also challenging, as understanding immunologic processes and immune system components requires foundational knowledge from several science disciplines. The University of Alabama at Birmingham has a unique, 4-year, Undergraduate Immunology Program (UIP) that provides a comprehensive curriculum in immunology that includes five core courses starting in the second year, at which point, students are in the process of completing basic science sequences. For this study, students in courses across the UIP curriculum were asked to identify basic science topics that relate to four immunology concepts.

Using the social cognitive theory to examine spontaneous attempts to quit illicit substance use.

Rural areas in the US exhibit high rates of illicit substance use. This study aimed to investigate the Social Cognitive Theory factors associated with spontaneous attempts to quit illicit substance use in a sample of users. A cross-sectional survey was administered through face-to-face interviews.

Managing COPD exacerbations in primary care.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common but underdiagnosed lung condition that is frequently managed inappropriately. It impacts poorest communities most, where health inequalities are greatest. New acute symptoms of breathlessness, cough, sputum production and wheeze should prompt clinical suspicion of underlying COPD in someone who is a current or ex-smoker (or has exposure to other risk factors) and be followed by referral for quality-assured spirometry once recovered.

The Gender Spectrum of In-hospital Survival Post Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Exploring Age-driven Trends.

Background: The study was aimed to evaluate gender difference and age & gender specific interaction of in-hospital outcomes of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of 1748 patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI. The study was dichotomised according to gender to evaluate the difference in the outcome.

Development of the Community-based complex Interventions to sustain Independence in Older People (CII-OP) typology: a qualitative synthesis of interventions in randomised controlled trials.

Introduction: Community-based services to sustain independence for older people have varying configurations. A typology of these interventions would improve service provision and research by providing conceptual clarity and enabling the identification of effective configurations. We aimed to produce such a typology.