Enhancing mosquito classification through self-supervised learning.

Traditional mosquito identification methods, relied on microscopic observation and morphological characteristics, often require significant expertise and experience, which can limit their effectiveness. This study introduces a self-supervised learning-based image classification model using the Bootstrap Your Own Latent (BYOL) algorithm, designed to enhance mosquito species identification efficiently. The BYOL algorithm offers a key advantage by eliminating the need for labeled data during pretraining, as it autonomously learns important features.

MosquitoSong+: A noise-robust deep learning model for mosquito classification from wingbeat sounds.

In order to assess risk of mosquito-vector borne disease and to effectively target and monitor vector control efforts, accurate information about mosquito vector population densities is needed. The traditional and still most common approach to this involves the use of traps along with manual counting and classification of mosquito species, but the costly and labor-intensive nature of this approach limits its widespread use. Numerous previous studies have sought to address this problem by developing machine learning models to automatically identify species and sex of mosquitoes based on their wingbeat sounds.

Tartrolon E, a secondary metabolite of a marine symbiotic bacterium, is a potent inhibitor of asexual and sexual .

Due to the spread of resistance to front-line artemisinin derivatives worldwide, there is a need for new antimalarials. Tartrolon E (TrtE), a secondary metabolite of a symbiotic bacterium of marine bivalve mollusks, is a promising antimalarial because it inhibits the growth of sexual and asexual blood stages of at sub-nanomolar levels. The potency of TrtE warrants further investigation into its mechanism of action, cytotoxicity, and ease with which parasites may evolve resistance to it.

Antennal morphology and sensilla ultrastructure of the malaria vectors, Anopheles maculatus and An. sawadwongporni (Diptera: Culicidae).

Mosquitoes rely mainly on the olfactory system to track hosts. Sensilla contain olfactory neuron receptors that perceive different kinds of odorants and transfer crucial information regarding the surrounding environment. Anopheles maculatus and An.

Efficacy of household larval control practices in a peri-urban township, Yangon, Myanmar: Implication for entomological surveillance.

Dengue is a major public health concern in Myanmar. We carried out a cross-sectional study to investigate the efficacy of larval control practices in household water containers, such as the use of the larvicide, temephos, covering the containers with lids and weekly cleaning. We surveyed 300 households in Kaw Hmu Township, a peri-urban community in the Yangon region.

Effectiveness of dengue training programmes on prevention and control among high school students in the Yangon region, Myanmar.

Background: Dengue is one of the health problems in Myanmar. Thus, health promotion in schools is considered a key approach for reducing risk-taking behaviours related to dengue.

Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate a dengue training programme for high school students to measure changes in knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) towards dengue; evaluate the effectiveness of the programme in improving prevention and control practices among families and determining changes in larval indices in their dwelling places.

Ivermectin metabolites reduce Anopheles survival.

Ivermectin mass drug administration to humans or livestock is a potential vector control tool for malaria elimination. The mosquito-lethal effect of ivermectin in clinical trials exceeds that predicted from in vitro laboratory experiments, suggesting that ivermectin metabolites have mosquito-lethal effect. The three primary ivermectin metabolites in humans (i.

Hydroxyapatite-binding Silver/Titanium Dioxide as a Potential Control Compound Against Mosquito Vectors, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and Anopheles dirus (Diptera: Culicidae).

Controlling mosquitoes is vital for counteracting the rising number of mosquito-borne illnesses. Vector control requires the implementation of various measures; however, current methods lack complete effectiveness, and new control agents or substances are urgently needed. Therefore, this study developed a nonwoven fabric sheet coated with hydroxyapatite-binding silver/titanium dioxide compound (hydroxyapatite-binding silver/titanium dioxide sheet [HATS])and evaluated its effectiveness on all stages of laboratory Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus); Diptera: Culicidae and Anopheles dirus (Peyton & Harrison); Diptera: Culicidae.

Insecticide Susceptibility Status of and Mosquitoes in Malaria and Dengue Endemic Areas, Thai-Myanmar Border.

The occurrence and spread of insecticide resistance has had a negative effect on the efficacy of insecticide-based tools and is distributed worldwide, including the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). This study aims to determine the insecticide susceptibility of malaria and dengue vectors in malaria and dengue hotspots on the Thai-Myanmar border. Mosquito larvae and pupae were obtained from water sources from December 2019 to April 2020 in Tha Song Yang District, Tak province, western Thailand.

Malaria Research for Tailored Control and Elimination Strategies in the Greater Mekong Subregion.

The malaria landscape in the Greater Mekong Subregion has experienced drastic changes with the ramp-up of the control efforts, revealing formidable challenges that slowed down the progress toward malaria elimination. Problems such as border malaria and cross-border malaria introduction, multidrug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum, the persistence of Plasmodium vivax, the asymptomatic parasite reservoirs, and insecticide resistance in primary vectors require integrated strategies tailored for individual nations in the region. In recognition of these challenges and the need for research, the Southeast Asian International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research has established a network of researchers and stakeholders and conducted basic and translational research to identify existing and emerging problems and develop new countermeasures.

Multidisciplinary Investigations of Sustained Malaria Transmission in the Greater Mekong Subregion.

In the course of malaria elimination in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), malaria epidemiology has experienced drastic spatiotemporal changes with residual transmission concentrated along international borders and the rising predominance of Plasmodium vivax. The emergence of Plasmodium falciparum parasites resistant to artemisinin and partner drugs renders artemisinin-based combination therapies less effective while the potential spread of multidrug-resistant parasites elicits concern. Vector behavioral changes and insecticide resistance have reduced the effectiveness of core vector control measures.

Effectiveness of Herbal Essential Oils as Single and Combined Repellents against , and (Diptera: Culicidae).

Mosquito repellents reduce human-vector contact of vector-borne diseases. We compared the repellent activity of 10 undiluted essential oils (anise, basil, bergamot, coriander, patchouli, peppermint, petitgrain, rosemary, sage and vetiver) against A. aegypti, A.

Species Discrimination of Three (Formicidae: Ponerinae) Species in Thailand Using Outline Morphometrics.

All members of the ant genus Latreille, 1804 are venomous ants. Four species in this genus have been identified from Thailand: Mayr, 1867; Emery, 1892; Smith, 1757; and Smith, 1758. The three latter species are available and have been used for an outline morphometric study.

Deep learning approaches for challenging species and gender identification of mosquito vectors.

Microscopic observation of mosquito species, which is the basis of morphological identification, is a time-consuming and challenging process, particularly owing to the different skills and experience of public health personnel. We present deep learning models based on the well-known you-only-look-once (YOLO) algorithm. This model can be used to simultaneously classify and localize the images to identify the species of the gender of field-caught mosquitoes.

An updated checklist of the ants of Thailand (Hymenoptera, Formicidae).

Thailand has a great diversity of ant fauna as a zoogeographical crossroads and biodiversity hotspot. The last publication presenting a Thai ant checklist was published in 2005. In the present paper, based on an examination of museum specimens and published records, a comprehensive and critical species list of Thai ants is synthesized.

Seasonal dynamics and molecular differentiation of three natural Anopheles species (Diptera: Culicidae) of the Maculatus group (Neocellia series) in malaria hotspot villages of Thailand.

Background: Anopheles sawadwongporni Rattanarithikul & Green, Anopheles maculatus Theobald and Anopheles pseudowillmori (Theobald) of the Anopheles maculatus group (Diptera: Culicidae) are recognized as potential malaria vectors in many countries from the Indian subcontinent through Southeast Asia to Taiwan. A number of malaria vectors in malaria hotspot areas along the Thai-Myanmar border belong to this complex. However, the species distribution and dynamic trends remain understudied in this malaria endemic region.

Insecticidal and Histopathological Effects of Weed Extracts against Dengue Vector, .

Crude extracts and essential oils of were tested with larva and adult stages of mosquitoes to determine their insecticidal properties. The crude extracts and essential oils came from three varieties of (with white flowers, purple flowers, or white-purple flowers) and from two places on each plant (leaves and flowers), giving six types overall: leaf-white (LW); leaf-purple (LP); leaf white-purple (LW-P); flower-white (FW); flower-purple (FP); and flower white-purple (FW-P). Chemical constituents and components of the essential oils were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Efficacy of Ageratum conyzoides extracts against Giardia duodenalis trophozoites: an experimental study.

Background: Giardia duodenalis causes giardiasis in humans, particularly in developing countries. Despite the availability of treatments, resistance to some of the commercial anti-Giardia drugs has been reported in addition to their harmful side effects. Therefore, novel treatments for giardiasis are required.

Correction to: Transmission risk beyond the village: entomological and human factors contributing to residual malaria transmission in an area approaching malaria elimination on the Thailand-Myanmar border.

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors advised of two errors present in the article: one concerning two author names and the other missing funding details.

Transmission risk beyond the village: entomological and human factors contributing to residual malaria transmission in an area approaching malaria elimination on the Thailand-Myanmar border.

Background: A mixed methods study was conducted to look at the magnitude of residual malaria transmission (RMT) and factors contributing to low (< 1% prevalence), but sustained transmission in rural communities on the Thai-Myanmar border.

Methods: A cross-sectional behaviour and net survey, observational surveys and entomological collections in both villages and forested farm huts frequented by community members for subsistence farming practices were conducted.

Results: Community members frequently stayed overnight at subsistence farm huts or in the forest.

Spatial Heterogeneity and Temporal Trends in Malaria on the Thai⁻Myanmar Border (2012⁻2017): A Retrospective Observational Study.

Malaria infections remain an important public health problem for the Thai-Myanmar border population, despite a plan for the elimination by the end of 2026 (Thailand) and 2030 (Myanmar). This study aimed to explore spatiotemporal patterns in and incidence along the Thai-Myanmar border. Malaria cases among Thai citizens in 161 sub-districts in Thailand's Kanchanaburi and Tak Provinces (2012-2017) were analyzed to assess the cluster areas and temporal trends.