Salivary heat shock protein 70 as a potential non-invasive biomarker of environmental thermal stress in dairy cattle.

The present study aims to explore the potential biomarker application of salivary heat shock 70 kDa protein in detecting thermal stress in dairy animals noninvasively. The study spans for 45 days during the mid-summer season (April-May), involving twelve multiparous non-pregnant adult Jersey crossbred cows by randomly allocating them into groups (six animals in each group). The control animals were maintained in the shed, whereas the thermal stress group animals were exposed to environment heat between 10:00 h to 16.

Thermal cum lipopolysaccharide-induced stress challenge downregulates functional response of bovine monocyte-derived macrophages.

Macrophages are considered to be key players in innate immunity and inflammatory responses. Domestic cattle with standard body size quickly reach their heat tolerance limit and are prone to heat stress. The combined effects of high temperature and endotoxemia on bovine monocyte-derived macrophages remain almost undisclosed.