A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Nivolumab Compared with Ipilimumab for the Treatment of BRAF Wild-Type Advanced Melanoma in Australia.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of nivolumab versus ipilimumab for the treatment of previously untreated patients with BRAF-advanced melanoma (BRAF-AM) from an Australian health system perspective.

Methods: A state-transition Markov model was constructed to simulate the progress of Australian patients with BRAF-AM. The model had a 10-year time horizon with outcomes discounted at 5% annually.

Clinical and Cost Effectiveness of Apixaban Compared to Aspirin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: An Australian Perspective.

Objective: To determine the clinical and cost effectiveness of apixaban compared to aspirin in the prevention of thromboembolic events for patients with atrial fibrillation for whom vitamin K antagonist (VKA) therapy (warfarin) has been considered unsuitable.

Methods: A previously published Markov model with yearly cycles was updated. Information from the Apixaban Versus Acetylsalicylic acid to prevent Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation (AVERROES) trial in combination with other population data was used to simulate the costs and effects of apixaban compared to aspirin over 10 years.

Cost-Effectiveness of Eplerenone Compared to Usual Care in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure and NYHA Class II Symptoms, an Australian Perspective.

The objective of this study was to determine the cost-effectiveness of eplerenone compared with usual care in patients with chronic heart failure and New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II symptoms.A Markov model was constructed with 5 health states to reflect NYHA symptom status (Classes I-IV) and death. All subjects began in the "Class II" health state and then moved to other symptom health states or died.

Cost effectiveness of eplerenone in patients with chronic heart failure.

Background: Chronic heart failure (CHF) remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Currently, there are no cost-effectiveness studies of eplerenone use in patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II CHF.

Objective: We sought to evaluate the cost effectiveness of eplerenone compared with placebo in patients with chronic systolic heart failure and NYHA class II symptoms.

Cost-effectiveness of apixaban compared to warfarin in the management of atrial fibrillation in Australia.

Objective: To determine the cost-effectiveness of apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) with a moderate to severe risk of stroke, from an Australian government-perspective.

Methods: A decision-analytic Markov model was constructed to assess the cost-effectiveness of apixaban versus warfarin, based on data from the Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in AF (ARISTOTLE) trial. The model comprised five health states: 'Alive, no major bleeding or stroke', 'Alive, no major bleeding, post stroke/systemic embolism', 'Alive, post major bleeding, no stroke', 'Alive, post-major bleeding and stroke' and 'Dead'.

Adiposity measures as predictors of long-term physical disability.

Objective: To compare the predictive value of a variety of adiposity measures for the risk of disability.

Design/setting: This study used 14-year follow-up of the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (n = 7142). Adiposity measures were collected at baseline and disability measures for 5 self-care activities and mobility were collected at follow-up (2003-2007).

The relationship between body mass index prior to old age and disability in old age.

Objectives: To analyse the relationship between body mass index (BMI) in middle-age and disability status in old-age using data from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS).

Methods: A total of 41 514 participants enroled in the MCCS between 1990-1994. Height and weight were measured at baseline and disability, defined as limitations to self-care activities of daily living (ADLs) and self-care plus mobility activities, was identified at follow-up (2003-2007).

Chronic toxicity bioassay and effect of endosulfan, HCH, copper and zinc on the survival and intermoult duration of larvae of mangrove crab Macrophthalmus erato De Man.

The effects of insecticides (endosulfan, HCH) and heavy metals (copper and zinc) were studied on survival and duration of the moult cycle of larvae and megalopa of a common mangrove crab, Macrophthalmus erato, that inhabits Pitchavaram mangroves, southeast coast of India. In chronic toxicity test, percentage of survival from hatchling to megalopa stage at different concentrations of endosulfan (0.048 to 0.