[Changes in nutritional state, metabolic control and treatment of type 1 diabetes in the last 20 years].

Objective: The aim of this study is to describe changes in anthropometric characteristics, metabolic control, treatment and prevalence of overweight in diabetic children (DM1) from 2007 compared with another similar group from 1986.

Patients And Methods: Observational retrospective study of two groups of diabetic children (n=90). The collection of variables has been made at two cross-sections, 1986 and 2007.

Landscape nutrition: seeing the forest instead of the trees.

Recent theories suggest that herbivores forage across many scales and that foraging decisions are driven by the distribution of nitrogen. However, experimental tests of these predictions across large landscapes are rare and difficult. Pretorius et al.

Neuropsychological outcome after a first symptomatic ischaemic stroke with 'good recovery'.

Background: Neuropsychological impairment after stroke when no motor, sensory or language deficits are left remains understudied. The primary aim of this study was to assess neuropsychological outcome in a specific population of patients after a first symptomatic stroke without previous cognitive decline and with a good motor, linguistic, and functional recovery (i.e.

Training and professional profile of retinologists in Spain: Retina 2 project, Report 4.

Background: Uniform postresidency systems to train medical specialists have not been developed in most European countries. Before developing a framework for such a system, we established the learning and professional profiles of Spanish ophthalmologists dedicated to medical retina and vitreoretina subspecialties.

Methods: After identification of presumed subspecialists by experts from different autonomous regions, a self-administered questionnaire was mailed in 2006.

A cell-based screen identifies ATR inhibitors with synthetic lethal properties for cancer-associated mutations.

Oncogene activation has been shown to generate replication-born DNA damage, also known as replicative stress. The primary responder to replicative stress is not Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) but rather the kinase ATM and Rad3-related (ATR). One limitation for the study of ATR is the lack of potent inhibitors.

A propensity score matching application: indications and results of adding scleral buckle to vitrectomy: The Retina 1 Project: Report 3.

Purpose: To identify the indications and differences in outcomes for adding a scleral buckle (SB) to pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in a prospective series of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) by using propensity score matching (PSM) to analyze causal effects in observational studies.

Methods: Data were collected from the Retina 1 Project, a prospective, interventional, nonrandomized study of consecutive RDs. Case selection was based upon treatment with PPV or PPV+SB.

[Family history of epilepsy resistant to treatment].

Introduction: Family aggregation can help determine the risk of epilepsy among relatives. Our aims are to describe the prevalence of family precedents of epilepsy among the diagnosed patients' relatives of the first and second degree, and to look for an association with diverse clinical variables.

Patients And Methods: Market descriptive prospective study in a transverse cohort of a Spanish population.

Aggregation and disaggregation dynamics of sedimented and charged superparamagnetic micro-particles in water suspension.

This article presents results on the aggregation and disaggregation kinetics on a 1 μm diameter charged superparamagnetic particles dispersed in water under a constant uniaxial magnetic field in experiments with salt (KCl) added to the suspension in order to observe the behaviour of the system when the electrical properties of the particles have been screened. These particles have an electric charge and are confined between two separated 100 μm thick quartz windows, and sediment near the charged bottom wall. The electrostatic interactions that take place in this experimental setup may affect the micro-structure and colloidal stability of the suspension and thus, the dynamics of aggregation and disaggregation.

Elastin-like recombinamers as substrates for retinal pigment epithelial cell growth.

The aim of this study is to investigate the use of elastin-like recombinamers (ELRs) as a substrate that can maintain the growth, phenotype, and functional characteristics of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells efficiently and as a suitable carrier for the transplantation of autologous RPE cells for treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). ELR films containing a bioactive sequence, RGD (ELR-RGD), and one with no specific sequence (ELR-IK) as control, were obtained by solvent-casting onto glass and subsequent cross-linking. ARPE19 cells were seeded on sterilized ELR films as well as on the control surfaces.

[Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures in an epilepsy surgery unit].

Introduction: The psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) represent a significant percentage of patients in different units of epilepsy surgery. AIMS. To analyze the characteristics of patients with PNES and compared with epileptic patients, to analyze the early response to the application of placebo and to discuss the multidisciplinary approach to these patients.

[Significance of complex analysis of electrical activity in temporal lobe epilepsy: foramen ovale electrodes records].

Introduction: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is commonly associated with the process of synchronisation during the interictal stage, which show up as 'spikes' on neurophysiological recordings, and also with hypersynchronic activity during clinical seizures. Nevertheless, desynchronisation also seems to play an important role in the epileptogenic process, favouring the onset of seizures.

Aims: The aim of this work is to show how the latest complex network analysis techniques applied to the recordings from the foramen ovale electrodes provide valuable new information about the dynamics of mesial activity in TLE.

New insights on culture and calcium signalling in neurons and astrocytes from epileptic patients.

Primary brain cell cultures are a useful tool for understanding the physiopathology of epilepsy and for searching new potential antiepileptic drugs. These cell types are usually prepared from murine species and few human models have been described. The main goal of this study is the establishment of experimental conditions to isolate and culture neurons and astrocytes from human brain and to test its functionality.

Klotho inhibits transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) signaling and suppresses renal fibrosis and cancer metastasis in mice.

Fibrosis is a pathological process characterized by infiltration and proliferation of mesenchymal cells in interstitial space. A substantial portion of these cells is derived from residing non-epithelial and/or epithelial cells that have acquired the ability to migrate and proliferate. The mesenchymal transition is also observed in cancer cells to confer the ability to metastasize.

Impaired mesial synchronization in temporal lobe epilepsy.

Objective: Temporal lobe epilepsy is commonly associated with synchronous, hyper-synchronous and des-synchronous activity. The aim of the present work is to explore synchronization activity in both mesial areas in temporal lobe epileptic patients during the interictal state.

Methods: Using a cluster technique, we analyzed 17 temporal lobe epilepsy patients' records of foramen ovale electrodes activity during the inter-ictal state.

Unusual presentation of a metastatic uveal melanoma in a cat.

A 10 year-old, spayed female Domestic Short-Haired (DSH) cat was diagnosed with a large primary uveal melanoma and exenteration was recommended. Thoracic radiographs, abdominal ultrasonography, and complete blood count and serum biochemistry panel did not reveal any abnormality compatible with metastatic disease and surgery was performed. Histopathologic study of the eye confirmed a diffuse iris melanoma.

Comparative anatomical study of the forearm extensor muscles of Cebus libidinosus (Rylands et al., 2000; Primates, Cebidae), modern humans, and other primates, with comments on primate evolution, phylogeny, and manipulatory behavior.

Despite its abundance in Latin America, and its remarkable ability to use tools, there are only a few myological studies on the capuchin monkey, Cebus libidinosus. In the present study, we dissected the forearm extensor muscles of six adult males and two adult females of this species. We describe these muscles and compare them with those of other primates dissected by us and by other authors.

Ecotoxicological diagnosis of a sealed municipal landfill.

Assessing the environmental impact of a soil-topped landfill requires an accurate ecotoxicological diagnosis. This paper describes various diagnostic protocols for this purpose and their application to a real case: the urban solid waste (USW) municipal landfill of Getafe (Madrid, Spain). After their initial sealing with soil from the surroundings about 20 years ago, most USW landfills in the autonomous community of Madrid have continued to receive waste.

Pim 1 kinase inhibitor ETP-45299 suppresses cellular proliferation and synergizes with PI3K inhibition.

The serine/threonine Pim 1 kinase is an oncogene whose expression is deregulated in several human cancers. Overexpression of Pim 1 facilitates cell cycle progression and suppresses apoptosis. Hence pharmacologic inhibitors of Pim 1 are of therapeutic interest for cancer.

Lessons learned from a pharmacy practice model change at an academic medical center.

Purpose: The development and implementation of a new pharmacy practice model at an academic medical center are described.

Summary: Before the model change, decentralized pharmacists responsible for order entry and verification and clinical specialists were both present on the care units. Staff pharmacists were responsible for medication distribution and sterile product preparation.

[Differential contribution of preoperatory studies to diagnosis in temporal lobe epilepsy surgery].

Introduction: It is necessary to know the degree of concordance of preoperative studies in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). AIM. To analyze the relative importance of different preoperative tests (vEEG, EEG, SPECT and MRI), the degree of agreement between them, and to develop a Bayesian probability model for diagnosis.

Combined therapy against murine-disseminated infection by Fusarium verticillioides.

Using a murine model of disseminated infection by two strains of Fusarium verticillioides, we have evaluated the efficacy of high doses of amphotericin B (AMB) (3 mg/kg of body weight/day), voriconazole (VRC) (60 mg/kg of body weight/day), posaconazole (PSC) (100 mg/kg of body weight/day), and the combinations of AMB plus VRC or PSC. In general, our results were very modest. Neither combination was superior to the respective monotherapies.

Effect of a synthetic appeasing pheromone on behavioral, neuroendocrine, immune, and acute-phase perioperative stress responses in dogs.

Objective: To study the effects of a synthetic, dog-appeasing pheromone (sDAP) on the behavioral, neuroendocrine, immune, and acute-phase perioperative stress responses in dogs undergoing elective orchiectomy or ovariohysterectomy.

Design: Randomized, controlled clinical trial.

Animals: 46 dogs housed in animal shelters and undergoing elective orchiectomy or ovariohysterectomy.

Influence of xenobiotic contaminants on landfill soil microbial activity and diversity.

Landfills are often the final recipient of a range of environmentally important contaminants such as hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In this study the influence of these contaminants on microbial activity and diversity was assessed in a municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill placed in Torrejón de Ardoz (Madrid, Spain). Soil samples were collected from four selected areas (T2, T2B, T8 and T9) in which the amount of total hydrocarbons, PAHs and PCBs were measured.