Evaluation of Fungal Volatile Organic Compounds for Control the Plant Parasitic Nematode .

Plant parasitic nematodes are a serious threat to crop production worldwide and their control is extremely challenging. Fungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) provide an ecofriendly alternative to synthetic nematicides, many of which have been withdrawn due to the risks they pose to humans and the environment. This study investigated the biocidal properties of two fungal VOCs, 1-Octen-3-ol and 3-Octanone, against the widespread root-knot nematode .

Chitinolytic Enzymes of the Hyperparasite Fungus : Genome-Wide Survey and Characterization of A Selected Enzyme.

The filamentous fungus is known as a hyperparasite of plant pathogenic fungi; hence, it has been studied as a possible agent for plant protection. Chitinases secreted by have proven to be essential for its fungicidal activity. However, no complete analysis of the chitinase assortment has been carried out, nor have any of its chitinases been characterized yet.

Water Stress Differentially Modulates the Expression of Tomato Cell Wall Metabolism-Related Genes in Feeding Sites.

Microscopic observations and transcriptomic RNA-Seq analyses were applied to investigate the effect of water stress during the formation of tomato galls formation 1 and 2 weeks after inoculation with the root-knot nematode . Water stress affected root growth and the nematode ability to mount an efficient parasitism. The effects of water stress on the feeding site development were already observed at 1 week after nematode inoculation, with smaller giant cells, delayed development, and thinner cell walls.

Marine Organisms for the Sustainable Management of Plant Parasitic Nematodes.

Plant parasitic nematodes are annually responsible for the loss of 10%-25% of worldwide crop production, most of which is attributable to root-knot nematodes (RKNs) that infest a wide range of agricultural crops throughout the world. Current nematode control tools are not enough to ensure the effective management of these parasites, mainly due to the severe restrictions imposed on the use of chemical pesticides. Therefore, it is important to discover new potential nematicidal sources that are suitable for the development of additional safe and effective control strategies.

Abamectin Efficacy on the Potato Cyst Nematode .

The potato cyst nematode is a major pest of the potato crop. Abamectin is a biological pesticide showing high nematicide activity, but its efficacy to control has not been investigated to date. In this study, combination of different abamectin concentrations ranging from 1.

Transcriptomic Responses to Water Deficit and Nematode Infection in Mycorrhizal Tomato Roots.

Climate changes include the intensification of drought in many parts of the world, increasing its frequency, severity and duration. However, under natural conditions, environmental stresses do not occur alone, and, in addition, more stressed plants may become more susceptible to attacks by pests and pathogens. Studies on the impact of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis on tomato response to water deficit showed that several drought-responsive genes are differentially regulated in AM-colonized tomato plants (roots and leaves) during water deficit.

Ozone treatments activate defence responses against Meloidogyne incognita and Tomato spotted wilt virus in tomato.

Background: Ozonated water (O wat) soil drench and/or foliar spray applications were evaluated for their potential to control the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (RKN) and the airborne pathogen Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in tomato. We investigated how O wat modulates the salicylic acid/jasmonic acid/ethylene (SA/JA/ET) signalling network in the host, locally and systemically, to induce resistance to nematode and virus.

Results: The application as soil drench was effective in reducing the number of galls and egg masses, but did not reduce the incidence and severity of TSWV infection.

Changes in lignin biosynthesis and monomer composition in response to benzothiadiazole and root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita infection in tomato.

Benzothiadiazole (BTH) acts as a priming agent in plant defence leading to a reduction in penetration and development of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in susceptible tomato roots. Changes in lignin biosynthesis in the susceptible tomato cv. Roma following nematode infection and/or BTH treatment were investigated in comparison to the resistant cv.

Ozonated water reduces susceptibility in tomato plants to Meloidogyne incognita by the modulation of the antioxidant system.

Few studies have been carried out on the effect of ozonated water (O wat) on the oxidative stress of root systems and, in particular, in combination with biotic stress. The aim of this study was to determine whether aqueous ozone is effective in the control of root-knot nematode (RKN) infection and to investigate the concomitant changes in the basal defence system. A tomato cultivar susceptible to Meloidogyne incognita was treated with O wat as a soil drench.

Benzothiadiazole effect in the compatible tomato-Meloidogyne incognita interaction: changes in giant cell development and priming of two root anionic peroxidases.

BTH application is effective in root-knot nematode-tomato interaction in a way that involves a delay in the formation of nematode feeding site and triggers molecular responses at several levels. The compatible interaction between root-knot nematodes and their hosts requires the nematode to overcome plant defense systems so that a sophisticated permanent feeding site (giant cells) can be produced within the host roots. It has been suggested that activators of plant defenses may provide a novel management strategy for controlling root-knot nematodes but little is known about the molecular basis by which these elicitors operate.

Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) effect on the growth of Solanum lycopersicum cv. Roma plants.

This study shows the direct effect of atmospheric particulate matter on plant growth. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants were grown for 18d directly on PM10 collected on quartz fiber filters.

A polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein with a role in pea defence against the cyst nematode Heterodera goettingiana.

A cDNA of 312 bp, similar to polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs), was isolated by cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphism (cDNA-AFLP) from pea roots infected with the cyst nematode Heterodera goettingiana. The deduced amino acid sequence obtained from the complete Pspgip1 coding sequence was very similar to PGIPs described from several other plant species, and was identical in both MG103738 and Progress 9 genotypes, resistant and susceptible to H. goettingiana, respectively.

Analysis of class III peroxidase genes expressed in roots of resistant and susceptible wheat lines infected by Heterodera avenae.

The response of resistant wheat-Aegilops ventricosa introgression line H-93-8 and its susceptible parent, Triticum aestivum H-10-15, to Ha71 Spanish population of Heterodera avenae was studied to determine the changes in peroxidase gene expression during incompatible and compatible wheat-nematode interactions. Twenty peroxidase genes were characterized from both 211 expressed sequence tags and 259 genomic DNA clones. Alignment of deduced amino acid sequences and phylogenetic clustering with peroxidases from other plant species showed that these enzymes fall into seven different groups (designated TaPrx108 to TaPrx114) which represent peroxidases secreted to the apoplast by a putative N-terminal peptide signal.

Genome sequence of the metazoan plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne incognita.

Plant-parasitic nematodes are major agricultural pests worldwide and novel approaches to control them are sorely needed. We report the draft genome sequence of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, a biotrophic parasite of many crops, including tomato, cotton and coffee. Most of the assembled sequence of this asexually reproducing nematode, totaling 86 Mb, exists in pairs of homologous but divergent segments.

A novel lipoxygenase in pea roots. Its function in wounding and biotic stress.

The genome of pea (Pisum sativum) contains genes encoding a family of distinct lipoxygenases (LOX). Among these, LOXN2 showed eight exons encoding a 93.7-kD enzyme, harboring two C-terminal deletions and an unusual arginine/threonine-tyrosine motif in the domain considered to control the substrate specificity.

Molecular dissection of the rDNA array and of the 5S rDNA gene in Meloidogyne artiellia: phylogenetic and diagnostic implications.

The sequence of a 13.423 nucleotide genomic fragment has been determined for the plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne artiellia. It contains an entire rDNA cluster, the bordering intergenic regions and portions of the flanking coding regions.

Characterization of the (GAAA) microsatellite region in the plant parasitic nematode Meloidogyne artiellia.

Microsatellites have become one of the most powerful genetic markers in biology. We have used DNA sequencing to characterize a highly variable microsatellite (GAAA) locus in the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne artiellia. The use of microsatellite flanking primers produced four amplification products that are defined as electromorphs, based on conventional length criteria.