Corrigendum to " Quantitative Ultrasound Image Analysis of Femoral Subchondral Bone in Knee Osteoarthritis".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2013/182562.].

Association between low-frequency ultrasound and hip fractures -- comparison with DXA-based BMD.

Background: New methods for diagnosing osteoporosis and evaluating fracture risk are being developed. We aim to study the association between low-frequency (LF) axial transmission ultrasound and hip fracture risk in a population-based sample of older women.

Methods: The study population consisted of 490 community-dwelling women (78-82 years).

Assessment of risk of femoral neck fracture with radiographic texture parameters: a retrospective study.

Purpose: To investigate whether femoral neck fracture can be predicted retrospectively on the basis of clinical radiographs by using the combined analysis of bone geometry, textural analysis of trabecular bone, and bone mineral density (BMD).

Materials And Methods: Formal ethics committee approval was obtained for the study, and all participants gave informed written consent. Pelvic radiographs and proximal femur BMD measurements were obtained in 53 women aged 79-82 years in 2006.

The effect of fatty acid positioning in dietary triacylglycerols and intake of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on bone mineral accretion in growing piglets.

Long-chain n-3 PUFA (LCPUFA) and palmitate (16:0) positioning in the triacylglycerol (TAG) of infant formula may affect calcium-uptake which could affect bone health. We investigated if a human milk fat substitute (HMFS) with a modified TAG structure holding 16:0 predominantly in the sn-2-position compared with a control (CONT) and if increasing n-3LCPUFA intake giving fish oil (FO) compared with sunflower oil (SO) would affect bone parameters in piglets in two sets of controlled 14d-interventions (n=12/group). We assessed this by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and ex vivo peripheral quantitative computed tomography and mechanical strength.

In vivo quantitative ultrasound image analysis of femoral subchondral bone in knee osteoarthritis.

A potential of quantitative noninvasive knee ultrasonography (US) for detecting changes in femoral subchondral bone related to knee osteoarthritis (OA) was investigated. Thirty-nine patients referred to a knee arthroscopy underwent dynamic noninvasive US examination of the knee joint. The subchondral bone was semiautomatically segmented from representative US images of femoral medial and lateral condyles and intercondylar notch area.

Bone mineral density and geometry parameters determined in vitro from dual-energy digital radiography images in the assessment of bone maximal load of reindeer femora.

Background: Dual-energy digital radiography (DEDR) has been shown to be a potential method to determine bone mineral density (BMD) and predict maximal load with similar accuracy as standard bone densitometry using DXA (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry). In addition to bone density, bone geometry has also been shown to have effect on bone fragility and fracture risk.

Purpose: To examine the combination of BMD and geometry parameters, as determined from a DEDR experiment, to predict bone maximal load.

Trabecular homogeneity index derived from plain radiograph to evaluate bone quality.

Radiographic texture analysis has been developed lately to improve the assessment of bone architecture as a determinant of bone quality. We validate here an algorithm for the evaluation of trabecular homogeneity index (HI) in the proximal femur from hip radiographs, with a focus on the impact of the principal compressive system of the trabecular bone, and evaluate its correlation with femoral strength, bone mineral density (BMD), and volumetric trabecular structure parameters. A semiautomatic custom-made algorithm was applied to calculate the HI in the femoral neck and trochanteric areas from radiographs of 178 femoral bone specimens (mean age 79.

Standard radiography: untapped potential in the assessment of osteoporotic fracture risk.

Background: Assessment of osteoporotic fracture risk is based primarily on bone mineral density (BMD) measurements using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).

Methods: However, recent evidence indicates that the method is insufficient for accurate individual risk assessment; in addition to methodological inaccuracies related to DXA, the mechanical strength of bone is influenced not only by low BMD but also by other factors that are not captured by DXA.

Results: DXA-based BMD can provide information on the amount of bone but does not elucidate bone structure, which is significant for bone mechanical strength and for fracture risk.

Lifestyle factors and site-specific risk of hip fracture in community dwelling older women--a 13-year prospective population-based cohort study.

Background: Several risk factors are associated to hip fractures. It seems that different hip fracture types have different etiologies. In this study, we evaluated the lifestyle-related risk factors for cervical and trochanteric hip fractures in older women over a 13-year follow-up period.

Cortical bone finite element models in the estimation of experimentally measured failure loads in the proximal femur.

Highly accurate nonlinear finite element (FE) models have been presented to estimate bone fracture load. However, these complex models require high computational capacity, which restricts their clinical applicability. The objective of this experimental FE study was to assess the predictive value of a more simple cortical bone simulation model in the estimation of experimentally measured fracture load of the proximal femur.

Ct-based finite element models can be used to estimate experimentally measured failure loads in the proximal femur.

The objective of this experimental finite element (FE) study was to assess the accuracy of a simulation model estimate of the experimentally measured fracture load of the proximal femur in a sideways fall. Sixty-one formalin-fixed cadaver femora (41 female and 20 male) aged 55-100 years (an average of 80 years) were scanned with a multi-detector CT scanner and were mechanically tested for failure in a sideways fall loading configuration. Twenty-one of these femurs were used for training purposes, and 40 femurs were used for validation purposes.

Structural asymmetry between the hips and its relation to experimental fracture type.

Experimental analysis with paired femurs provides the opportunity to study within-person differences in fracture type and associated structural side differences. We hypothesized that different fracture types in the hips of a subject are associated with structural asymmetry. Bone mineral density (BMD) and structural measurements of paired cadaver femurs (32 females, 24 males) were performed before mechanical testing in a side-impact configuration.

Risk factors for cervical and trochanteric hip fractures in elderly women: a population-based 10-year follow-up study.

We evaluated the contribution of lifestyle-related factors, calcaneal ultrasound, and radial bone mineral density (BMD) to cervical and trochanteric hip fractures in elderly women in a 10-year population-based cohort study. The study population consisted of 1,681 women (age range 70-73 years). Seventy-two percent (n = 1,222) of them participated in the baseline measurements.

Does femoral strain distribution coincide with the occurrence of cervical versus trochanteric hip fractures? An experimental finite element study.

The objective of this experimental finite element (FE) study is to test the hypothesis that strain distributions coincide with the occurrence of cervical versus trochanteric hip fractures during loading conditions simulating a sideways fall, and that the cervical versus trochanteric principal strain ratio predicts different fracture patterns. Cadaver femora (female, 83 +/- 9 years) were CT scanned and mechanically tested simulating a fall. Thirteen cervical and 13 trochanteric fracture cases were selected for FE analysis.

Dual-energy digital radiography for the assessment of bone mineral density.

Background: Bone mineral density (BMD) is usually determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Digital radiography (DR) has enabled the application of dual-energy techniques for separating bone and soft tissue, but it is not clear yet whether BMD information can reliably be obtained using DR.

Purpose: To determine the ability of dual-energy digital radiography (DEDR) to predict BMD as determined by DXA.

Association of geometric factors and failure load level with the distribution of cervical vs. trochanteric hip fractures.

Unlabelled: We experimentally studied the distribution of hip fracture types at different structural mechanical strength. Femoral neck fractures were dominant at the lowest structural strength levels, whereas trochanteric fractures were more common at high failure loads. The best predictor of fracture type across all failure loads and in both sexes was the neck-shaft angle.

Effects of in utero and lactational TCDD exposure on bone development in differentially sensitive rat lines.

2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a notorious model compound of highly toxic environmental pollutants, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs). Their toxic effects are mediated via cytosolic aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). We studied the effects of several dose levels of TCDD on developing rat bone after maternal exposure at different times of gestation and lactation in three differentially sensitive rat lines.

Combination of bone mineral density and upper femur geometry improves the prediction of hip fracture.

Bone mineral density (BMD) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the main determinant of the clinical evaluation of hip fracture risk. However, it has been shown that BMD is not the only predictive factor for hip fracture, but that bone geometry is also important. We studied whether the combination of bone geometry and BMD could further improve the determination of hip fracture risk and fracture type.