Outcome of posterior short segment fixation with implanting pedicle screw at the fractured level for treatment of thoracolumbar fracture.

Introduction: Thoracolumbar fractures make up majority of the spinal fractures. Various techniques including long, short, mono and short segment screw fixation have been used to achieve stability. There are still few studies describing the results of short segment fixation with intermediate screw fixation in fractured vertebrae, despite the fact that all have adequate efficacy and stability.

Methane release from enteric fermentation and manure management of domestic water buffalo in Nepal.

Methane (CH) emission in livestock arises from enteric fermentation (EnF) and manure management (MM). This study develops the country-specific CH emission factors (EFs) in both EnF and MM for domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and estimates total CH emission in Nepal using Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 2 methodology. Seasonal field data were collected on morphological characteristics, feed characteristics, and manure management practices of the buffalo.

Association of preoperative pain catastrophizing with postoperative pain after lower limb trauma surgery.

Objectives: To evaluate an association between preoperative Nepali pain catastrophizing scale (N-PCS) scores and postoperative pain intensity and total opioid consumption.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study we enrolled 135 patients with an American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status I or II, aged between 18 and 65 years, and scheduled for surgery for lower-extremity fracture under spinal anaesthesia. Maximum postoperative pain reported during the 24 h was classified into two groups, no-mild pain group (Numeric rating scale [NRS] scores 1-3) and a moderate-severe pain group (NRS 4-10).

Comparison of Functional and Radiological Outcomes of Olecranon Fractures Treated with Tension Band Wiring with Kirschner Wires to Transcortical Screw Fixation-A Randomised Controlled Study.

Aim: To compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of fixation of olecranon fractures by a transcortical screw with conventional tension band wiring (TBW) using a Kirschner wire (K-wire).

Materials And Methods: This is a non-blinded randomised controlled trial comprising two groups ( = 30 each) with Mayo type A olecranon fractures fixed with either TBW or transcortical cancellous screws (CCS). Outcomes included the Mayo elbow performance index (MEPI), time to union, range of motion (ROM), and rates of complication among these two groups.

Functional outcome of patients of tibial fracture treated with solid nail (SIGN nail) versus conventional hollow nail - A randomized trial.

Background: Trauma related disabilities disproportionately affects low and middle income countries due to lack of resources, skills and optimal implants. Despite adequate animal studies, biomechanical studies, cohort studies and comparison studies we are not aware of any randomized trial to compare the functional outcome of SIGN (Surgical Implant Generation Network, US) solid nailing with a hollow nailing for tibial shaft fracture.

Methods: Sixty patients (≥16 years) of closed and Gustilo grade I traumatic fractures of the leg were randomized into SIGN solid nailing or hollow nailing group.

Outcome of Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation II fixation of Peritrochanteric Fracture of Femur.

Background: Intramedullary fixation is biomechanically superior to extramedullary fixation for fracture of peritrochanteric region of femur in elderly which is often complicated due to associated osteoporosis. Helical blade of proximal femoral nail antirotation II has stronger purchase in the head of femur preventing rotation and cutout. This study was done to evaluate the outcome of Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation II fixation in B.

Methane emission factors and carbon fluxes from enteric fermentation in cattle of Nepal Himalaya.

This study presents a first estimate of the country-specific enteric methane (CH) emission factors (EFs) and the net CH fluxes for the local and improved cattle breeds (LCB and ICB) in Nepal using the IPCC Tier 2 methodology. The country-specific herd structure, morphological and feed characteristics data of cattle were collected from the field survey. In LCB, adult males had the highest mean live body weights (BWs) ranging from 222 ± 42 kg in the Hill to 237 ± 36 kg in the Plain region, while for improved cattle, adult females had the highest BW of 334 ± 45 kg in the Hill to 308 ± 38 kg in the Plain regions.

A Case of Surgically Intervened Chronic Tophaceous Gout and Review of Literature.

Background: Gout is a disease of deposition of monosodium urate crystal in the body which commonly presents as an acute arthritis of the peripheral joints but can have varied presentation. It is mostly managed by dietary modifications and drugs, but surgery is rarely required for the management of urate crystals.

Case Report: We present a case of a 66-year-old male who intermittently presented to the outpatient with multiple tophi which was managed with lifestyle changes and medically; initially, the patient eventually required surgical excision for tophi in fingers and heel which improved the pain and morbidity of the patient.

Diversity and use of wild and non-cultivated edible plants in the Western Himalaya.

Background: Local people in the Himalayan region use a wide range of wild and non-cultivated edible plants (WNEPs) for food, spice, medicinal, and cultural purposes. However, their availability, use, status and contribution to livelihood security are poorly documented, and they have been generally overlooked in recent agro-biodiversity conservation and management programmes. The study aimed to investigate WNEP diversity and current status in a part of the Kailash Sacred Landscape-a transboundary landscape shared by Nepal, India and PR China-in terms of collection, use, management and conservation initiatives.

From food security to food wellbeing: examining food security through the lens of food wellbeing in Nepal's rapidly changing agrarian landscape.

This paper argues that existing food security and food sovereignty approaches are inadequate to fully understand contradictory human development, nutrition, and productivity trends in Nepalese small-scale agriculture. In an attempt to bridge this gap, we developed a new food wellbeing approach that combines insights from food security, food sovereignty, and social wellbeing perspectives. We used the approach to frame 65 semi-structured interviews in a cluster of villages in Kaski district in the mid-hills of Nepal on various aspects of food security, agriculture, off-farm livelihood opportunities, and women's wellbeing.

Local perceptions of climate change validated by scientific evidence in the Himalayas.

The Himalayas are assumed to be undergoing rapid climate change, with serious environmental, social and economic consequences for more than two billion people. However, data on the extent of climate change or its impact on the region are meagre. Based on local knowledge, we report perceived changes in climate and consequences of such changes for biodiversity and agriculture.

Management of trochanteric fractures of the femur with external fixation in high-risk patients.

The aim of this prospective study was to assess the outcome of trochanteric fractures of the femur after external fixation in a group of elderly patients with high surgical risk. The study population consisted of 50 patients with trochanteric fractures of the femur and a mean age of 87 years who were classified by an anaesthetist as ASA 3 or 4 and considered not suitable for conventional fractures fixation. The fracture was fixed with an external fixator under spinal anaesthesia.