[The level of interleukins (IL-1 and IL-2) and of IL-2R+ cells in patients with acute and chronic pyelonephritis].

It has been shown that in patients with acute pyelonephritis a spontaneous production of the interleukin IL-1 remains unchanged, while that stimulated with the aid of LPS is significantly below the norm. A spontaneous secretion of IL-2 in patients with chronic pyelonephritis has also been found unchanged, whereas in acute pyelonephritis this same parameter tends to rise above the level recordable in healthy donors. The production of this lymphokine stimulated with the aid of PhHA is significantly lower both in acute and chronic pyelonephritis.

[New data on the etiological factors in acute pyelonephritis].

Spectrum of microbe agents of acute pyelonephritis has been studied. It is shown that Mycoplasma hominis plays an important role in etiology of acute pyelonephritis besides the already known enterobacteria and Gram-positive cocci. It is also established that mycoplasmal pyelonephritis more often develops in patients with the diseases of urinary blade (cystitis) and genital organs.

[The clinico-immunological effects of leukinferon in the treatment of patients with acute suppurative pyelonephritis].

A many as 20 patients with acute purulent pyelonephritis were studied for clinical and immunological effects of leukinferone. The above patients were convalescent earlier than control subjects. There were instances where clinical status was not accompanied by shifts in immunity.

[The clinico-immunological effects of T-activin in the combined treatment of patients with acute suppurative pyelonephritis].

Results were studied of use of T-activin in those clinical settings related to acute inflammatory diseases of the kidneys. There was a positive clinical effect from this preparation in all twenty-eight patients with acute purulent pyelonephritis, accompanied by readjustments in the patients' immune system. A rise to the norm was found to occur in T-helper counts, and accordingly, immunoregulatory index, NK-cell activity, blood microbocydic activity.

[The clinico-immunological effects of leukinferon in the treatment of patients with acute suppurative pyelonephritis].

The effect of leukinferon (LKF) administration to 20 patients with acute renal inflammation was evaluated versus the effect of basic therapy given to 19 matched patients. A short course of LKF (3 injections) promoted more rapid discontinuation of the fever, recovery of satisfactory general condition, healing of postoperative wounds. Immunologically, the test subjects exhibited a rise in the previously low levels of lymphocytes, B-cells, T-helpers, IgA and IgG.

[The ultrasonic diagnosis of renal tuberculosis].

Informative value of ultrasonography potential in the diagnosis of nephrotuberculosis was studied by comparison with conventional x-ray and intraoperative findings in 78 relevant patients. Three patterns of renal ultrasonic architectonics changes in nephrotuberculosis were revealed: 1) focal heterogeneity of renal parenchyma, 2) pseudocystic type, 3) hydronephrotic transformation. It is concluded that ultrasonography is superior to routine diagnostic methods, but is recommended for use in combination with standard methods of phthisiourological diagnosis.

[The role of echo scanning of the kidneys in the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis].

The role of echo scanning in the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis was evaluated in 123 patients. It was established that ultrasonography in acute pyelonephritis is a highly informative diagnostic method. The importance is high in acute obstructive pyelonephritis and less informative in acute non-obstructive pyelonephritis.

[The diagnosis of kidney cysts].

Ultrasound scanning, thermography, computerized tomography in 39 patients suspicions of renal cysts proved high diagnostic efficacy of these methods. The authors recommend to begin with ultrasound and thermography, in difficult cases use computerized tomography and only in some--puncture biopsy under ultrasound or CT tomography.

[Comprehensive radiologic diagnosis of renal neoplasm].

Basing on the results of complex examination of 56 patients with the diagnosis of a renal tumour, including ultrasound scanning, thermography, computed tomography and angiography, the authors consider that examination of a patient should begin from performance of ultrasound sonography and thermography. In case of obscure diagnosis, computed tomography and angiography are to be used.

[Immunity and the possibilities for immunomodulation in acute pyelonephritis].

The paper presents evidence on dysfunction of natural killer cells and abnormal proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclears to T- and B-cell mitogens (PHA, Phytolacca) in patients at varying stages of acute pyelonephritis. A number of immunomodulators (recombinant alpha 2-interferon, IL-2 and tactivin) produce different effects on natural killer activity and lymphocyte blast transformation in healthy donors and pyelonephritis patients. Immunotropic effects of immunopeptides depend on the drug dose, the response of various subpopulations of the immunocompetent cells being individual.

[Acute pyelonephritis and the immunity status].

The quantitative and functional state of different populations of immunocompetent cells was studied in 45 patients with acute serous and 46 patients with acute purulent pyelonephritis. An imbalance has been found in the system of regulatory cells, activation of phagocytosis with reduction of its reserve capacities, disorders of IL-producing capacity of mononuclears and suppression of the functional activity of NK cells.

[The laser reflexotherapy of patients with chronic prostatitis].

With the purpose of improving the results of treatment of chronic prostatitis the authors has reflexotherapy (corporal and auricular). It is shown that the used method has advantages over the existing traditional methods. A multiple-criteria mathematical analysis was carried out of the efficacy of laser reflexotherapy in chronic prostatitis and is was found to equal 89%.

[The functional activity of the urethral neutrophilic granulocytes in patients with chronic urethroprostatitis and its correction].

The functional state of urethral neutrophil granulocytes in patients with chronic urethro-prostatitis, and possibility of miramistin use in complex treatment of the disease were investigated. The data revealed functional suppression of these granulocytes in the patients. Complex treatment with miramistin normalized indices of urethral phagocytic activity, on the contrary, after treatment of the patients without the agent there was no tendency to normalize urethral phagocytic function.

[The effect of miramistin on the phagocytic activity of the urethral neutrophilic granulocytes in patients with chronic urethroprostatitis].

It was found that addition of mirastimin to the traditional anti-inflammatory treatment results in stimulation of the absorptive capacity of the urethral phagocytes and improves the results of treatment of patients with chronic urethroprostatitis. The immunomodulator mirastimin should be given with consideration of the initial functional state of urethral neutrophilic granulocytes.

[Radionuclide, ultrasonic and thermographic methods of examination in the differential diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis and diseases of the abdominal organs].

Based on the examination of 1050 patients the authors make a conclusion of great significance of renoscintigraphy, ultrasonic scanning and thermography for differential diagnostics of acute pyelonephritis, acute cholecystitis and pancreatitis.