Neurotrauma.

Purpose Of Review: This review will highlight the latest research relevant to the clinical care of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients over the last 2 years while underscoring the implications of these advances in the understanding of diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of TBI.

Recent Findings: Brain tissue oxygenation monitoring can identify hypoperfusion as an adjunct to intracerebral pressure monitoring. Multiple biomarker assays are now available to help clinicians screen for mild TBI and biomarker elevations correlate with the size of intracranial injury.

Pyridine Controlled Tin Perovskite Crystallization.

Controlling the crystallization of perovskite in a thin film is essential in making solar cells. Processing tin-based perovskite films from solution is challenging because of the uncontrollable faster crystallization of tin than the most used lead perovskite. The best performing devices are prepared by depositing perovskite from dimethyl sulfoxide because it slows down the assembly of the tin-iodine network that forms perovskite.

Anxiety sensitivity as a transdiagnostic risk factor for trajectories of adverse posttraumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae in the AURORA study.

Anxiety sensitivity, or fear of anxious arousal, is cross-sectionally associated with a wide array of adverse posttraumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae, including symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, pain, and somatization. The current study utilizes a large-scale, multi-site, prospective study of trauma survivors presenting to emergency departments. Hypotheses tested whether elevated anxiety sensitivity in the immediate posttrauma period is associated with more severe and persistent trajectories of common adverse posttraumatic neuropsychiatric sequelae in the eight weeks posttrauma.

Nutritional Metabolites as Biomarkers of Previous Feed Intake in European Rabbit (): Applications on Conservation.

European wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) populations have drastically reduced, and recently, rabbits have been classed as “endangered” by the IUCN. This animal plays an important ecological role in Mediterranean ecosystems and its introduction could significantly contribute to ecological restoration. Rabbits have high nutrient requirements that apparently cannot be covered in all ecosystems, and there are clues that nutrition can limit their abundance and density.

Passive exposure to electronic cigarette aerosol in pregnancy: A case study of a family.

Background: Passive exposure to the aerosols of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has been little studied. We assessed this exposure in late pregnancy in a woman and her 3-year-old child, exposed through e-cigarette use by another household member.

Methods: This prospective longitudinal case study involved a family unit consisting of an e-cigarette user, a pregnant woman who delivered an infant during the study, and the couple's older 3-year-old son.

Metabolic modulation of synaptic failure and thalamocortical hypersynchronization with preserved consciousness in Glut1 deficiency.

Individuals with glucose transporter type I deficiency (G1D) habitually experience nutrient-responsive epilepsy associated with decreased brain glucose. However, the mechanistic association between blood glucose concentration and brain excitability in the context of G1D remains to be elucidated. Electroencephalography (EEG) in G1D individuals revealed nutrition time-dependent seizure oscillations often associated with preserved volition despite electrographic generalization and uniform average oscillation duration and periodicity, suggesting increased facilitation of an underlying neural loop circuit.

Determination of soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in saliva samples and its association with nicotine.

Introduction: The Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the main receptor of the SARS-CoV-2. There is contradictory evidence on how the exposure to nicotine may module the concentration of soluble ACE2 (sACE2). The aim of this study was to assess the association between nicotine and sACE2 concentrations in saliva samples.

Treatment with sotrovimab for SARS-CoV-2 infection in a cohort of high-risk kidney transplant recipients.

Background: Sotrovimab is a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) that seems to remain active against recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. The evidence on its use in kidney transplant (KT) recipients, however, is limited.

Methods: We performed a multicenter, retrospective cohort study of 82 KT patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection {coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]} treated with sotrovimab.

Urea Nitrogen Metabolite Can Contribute to Implementing the Ideal Protein Concept in Monogastric Animals.

The ideal protein concept refers to dietary protein with an amino acid profile that exactly meets an animal's requirement. Low-quality protein levels in the diet have negative implications for productive and reproductive traits, and a protein oversupply is energetically costly and leads to an excessive N excretion, with potentially negative environmental impact. Urea Nitrogen (UN), which corresponds to the amount of nitrogen in the form of urea circulating in the bloodstream, is a metabolite that has been widely used to detect amino acid imbalances and deficiencies and protein requirements.

Online psychological interventions to improve symptoms in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review: Online psychological interventions in Multiple Sclerosis.

The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of Internet-based psychological interventions in the treatment of physical, socio-affective and cognitive symptoms and quality of life (QoL) in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) to provide currently available evidence. Systematic searches for eligible studies were carried out in four databases (August 2021) using key words. Studies were screened, data extracted, quality appraised and analysed by three independent reviewers, using predefined criteria and following the PRISMA rules.

Ethical and medical dilemmas in paid living kidney donor transplantation.

Due to the shortage of deceased and genetically- or emotionally-related living donors, living unrelated paid donor (LURpD) kidney transplantation has been considered; however, this practice may result in medical, ethical and social dilemmas, induce organ trading (commodification), and even criminal activities. Commodification also risks undermining public trust in the transplant system and impeding the development of proper altruistic or deceased donor programs by ignoring altruism, volunteerism, and dignity. However, despite many objections by authoritative organizations, black market practices are involved in up to 10% of all transplants worldwide.

Recording of pig neuronal activity in the comparative context of the awake human brain.

Gyriform mammals display neurophysiological and neural network activity that other species exhibit only in rudimentary or dissimilar form. However, neural recordings from large mammals such as the pig can be anatomically hindered and pharmacologically suppressed by anesthetics. This curtails comparative inferences.

Exposure to secondhand aerosol from electronic cigarettes at homes: A real-life study in four European countries.

Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use emits potentially hazardous compounds and deteriorates indoor air quality. Home is a place where e-cigarettes may frequently be used amid its increasing prohibition in public places. This study assessed the real-life scenario of bystanders' exposure to secondhand e-cigarette aerosol (SHA) at home.

The Immunobiogram, a novel in vitro diagnostic test to measure the pharmacodynamic response to immunosuppressive therapy in kidney transplant patients.

Background: Diagnostic tools to measure the response to individual immunosuppressive drugs for transplant patients are currently lacking. We previously developed the blood-based Immunobiogram bioassay for in-vitro characterization of the pharmacodynamic response of patients' own immune cells to a range of immunosuppressants. We used Immunobiogram to examine the association between patients' sensitivity to their prescribed immunosuppressants and clinical outcome.

Does treatment delay for blunt cerebrovascular injury affect stroke rate?: An EAST multicenter study.

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze injury characteristics and stroke rates between blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI) with delayed vs non-delayed medical therapy. We hypothesized there would be increased stroke formation with delayed medical therapy.

Methods: This is a sub-analysis of a 16 center, prospective, observational trial on BCVI.

Leading practices for men to support women's health leadership: A toolkit of resources to initiate change.

Men have a critically important role to play in supporting women from different backgrounds to move into leadership roles. Indeed, it is necessary work for those in positions of privilege to challenge processes that result in inequitable gender outcomes in health leadership. We present the resources that have been compiled into a toolkit for men to support more inclusive health leadership and transformative systemic change.

Factors associated with treatment satisfaction in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa: results from the Global VOICE project.

Background: Nearly half of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) report dissatisfaction with their treatment. However, factors related to treatment satisfaction have not been explored.

Objectives: To measure associations between treatment satisfaction and clinical and treatment-related characteristics among patients with HS.

Global Frequency and Clinical Features of Stroke in Patients With Tuberculous Meningitis: A Systematic Review.

Importance: Stroke in tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

Objective: To determine the country-specific, regional, and overall prevalence of stroke among patients with TBM, including their clinical manifestations, stroke locations, and outcomes.

Evidence Review: This systematic review searched records in MEDLINE by PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE until July 2020 for relevant articles on the occurrence and characteristics of stroke in TBM.

Criteria for prediabetes and posttransplant diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation: A 2-year diagnostic accuracy study of participants from a randomized controlled trial.

Posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) and prediabetes (impaired glucose tolerance [IGT] and impaired fasting glucose [IFG]) are associated with cardiovascular events. We assessed the diagnostic performance of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA as alternatives to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-derived 2-hour plasma glucose (2hPG) using sensitivity and specificity in 263 kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) from a clinical trial. Between visits at 6, 12, and 24 months after transplantation, 28%-31% of patients switched glycemic category (normal glucose tolerance [NGT], IGT/IFG, PTDM).

Addressing Electron Spins Embedded in Metallic Graphene Nanoribbons.

Spin-hosting graphene nanostructures are promising metal-free systems for elementary quantum spintronic devices. Conventionally, spins are protected from quenching by electronic band gaps, which also hinder electronic access to their quantum state. Here, we present a narrow graphene nanoribbon substitutionally doped with boron heteroatoms that combines a metallic character with the presence of localized spin 1/2 states in its interior.

Prolonged-Release Once-Daily Formulation of Tacrolimus Versus Standard-of-Care Tacrolimus in Kidney Transplant Patients Across Europe.

Tacrolimus is the calcineurin inhibitor of choice for preventing acute rejection episodes in kidney transplant patients. However, tacrolimus has a narrow therapeutic range that requires regular monitoring of blood concentrations to minimize toxicity. A new once-daily tacrolimus formulation, LCP-tacrolimus (LCPT), has been developed, which uses MeltDose™ drug-delivery technology to control drug release and enhance overall bioavailability.

Economic Linear Parameter Varying Model Predictive Control of the Aeration System of a Wastewater Treatment Plant.

This work proposes an economic model predictive control (EMPC) strategy in the linear parameter varying (LPV) framework for the control of dissolved oxygen concentrations in the aerated reactors of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). A reduced model of the complex nonlinear plant is represented in a quasi-linear parameter varying (qLPV) form to reduce computational burden, enabling the real-time operation. To facilitate the formulation of the time-varying parameters which are functions of system states, as well as for feedback control purposes, a moving horizon estimator (MHE) that uses the qLPV WWTP model is proposed.

Persistent Blunting of Penumbral Leukocyte Mobilization by Beta Blockade Administered for Two Weeks After Traumatic Brain Injury.

Introduction: Beta-blockers (BB) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) accelerate cognitive recovery weeks after injury. BBs also inhibit leukocyte (LEU) mobilization to the penumbral blood brain barrier (BBB) 48-h after TBI. It is unclear whether the latter effects persist longer and accompany the persistent cognitive improvement.

Duct-like diverticulum at the base of third ventricle tumors: a morphological signature diagnostic of papillary craniopharyngioma.

This study describes and characterizes a narrow, hollow tubular structure, termed as duct-like diverticulum (DV), found specifically at the basal midline of papillary craniopharyngiomas (PCPs) located within the third ventricle (3V). The presence of this structure was systematically investigated on autopsy studies and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 3536 craniopharyngioma (CP) cases published in the medical literature from 1911 to 2021, as well as in other twelve 3V tumor categories (n = 1470 cases). A basal DV was observed in a total of 50 PCPs, including two of our own cases.