Unreported large errors in a common method for sound source localization of marine mammals.

Confidence intervals of location of calling marine mammals, derived from time differences of arrival (TDOA) between receivers, depend on errors of TDOAs, receiver location, clocks, sound speeds, and location method. Simulations demonstrate Ishmael, a TDOA locator based on uncorrected least squares minimization (ULSM), yields errors with mean, standard deviation, and maximum of 0.1, 0.

Coronary artery calcification detected on low-dose computed tomography in high-risk participants of an Australian lung cancer screening program: A prospective observational study.

Background And Objectives: Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a frequent additional finding on lung cancer screening (LCS) low-dose computed tomography (LDCT). Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death in LCS participants. We aimed to describe prevalence of incidental CAC detected on LDCT in LCS participants without prior history of coronary artery disease (CAD), evaluate their CVD risk and describe subsequent investigation and management.

Clinical application of convolutional neural network lung nodule detection software: An Australian quaternary hospital experience.

Introduction: Early-stage lung cancer diagnosis through detection of nodules on computed tomography (CT) remains integral to patient survivorship, promoting national screening programmes and diagnostic tools using artificial intelligence (AI) convolutional neural networks (CNN); the software of AI-Rad Companion™ (AIRC), capable of self-optimising feature recognition. This study aims to demonstrate the practical value of AI-based lung nodule detection in a clinical setting; a limited body of research.

Methods: One hundred and eighty-three non-contrast CT chest studies from a single centre were assessed for AIRC software analysis.

Structure- and Property-Based Optimization of Efficient Pan-Bromodomain and Extra Terminal Inhibitors to Identify Oral and Intravenous Candidate I-BET787.

The bromodomain and extra terminal (BET) family of bromodomain-containing proteins are important epigenetic regulators that elicit their effect through binding histone tail -acetyl lysine (KAc) post-translational modifications. Recognition of such markers has been implicated in a range of oncology and immune diseases and, as such, small-molecule inhibition of the BET family bromodomain-KAc protein-protein interaction has received significant interest as a therapeutic strategy, with several potential medicines under clinical evaluation. This work describes the structure- and property-based optimization of a ligand and lipophilic efficient pan-BET bromodomain inhibitor series to deliver candidate I-BET787 () that demonstrates efficacy in a mouse model of inflammation and suitable properties for both oral and intravenous (IV) administration.

Diagnostic strategies in postpartum individuals with suspected venous thromboembolism: A scoping review.

Background: The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is increased postpartum and contributes to important morbidity and mortality. While there have been advances in evaluating diagnostic algorithms for suspected VTE during pregnancy, there is limited data for postpartum individuals.

Objective: We conducted a scoping review to describe and evaluate diagnostic strategies used to investigate suspected VTE in postpartum individuals.

Efficacy of virtual reality for pain relief in medical procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Effective pain control is crucial to optimise the success of medical procedures. Immersive virtual reality (VR) technology could offer an effective non-invasive, non-pharmacological option to distract patients and reduce their experience of pain. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Immersive virtual reality (VR) technology in reducing patient's pain perception during various medical procedures by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Confidence intervals of location for marine mammal calls via time-differences-of-arrival: Sensitivity analysis.

Confidence intervals of location (CIL) of calling marine mammals, derived from time-differences-of-arrival (TDOA) between receivers, depend on errors of TDOAs, receiver location, clocks, and sound speeds. Simulations demonstrate a time-differences-of-arrival-beamforming-locator (TDOA-BL) yields CIL in error by O(10-100) km for experimental scenarios because it is not designed to account for relevant errors. The errors are large and sometimes exceed the distances of detection.

Does an Increase in Supraspinatus Tendon Thickness After Swimming Increase the Likelihood of Future Shoulder Pain?

Background: Increase in supraspinatus tendon thickness (STT) resulting from swimming practice has been observed in those with a history of shoulder pain. The magnitude of change in STT after a swimming session and its rate of recovery may be an indicator of future shoulder pain incidence.

Hypothesis: The supraspinatus tendons that demonstrate a greater increase in thickness as a result of swimming practice will have an increased likelihood of future shoulder pain in a cohort of competitive swimmers over a period of 6 months.

Impact of Different Artificial Intelligence User Interfaces on Lung Nodule and Mass Detection on Chest Radiographs.

Purpose: To explore the impact of different user interfaces (UIs) for artificial intelligence (AI) outputs on radiologist performance and user preference in detecting lung nodules and masses on chest radiographs.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective paired-reader study with a 4-week washout period was used to evaluate three different AI UIs compared with no AI output. Ten radiologists (eight radiology attending physicians and two trainees) evaluated 140 chest radiographs (81 with histologically confirmed nodules and 59 confirmed as normal with CT), with either no AI or one of three UI outputs: text-only, combined AI confidence score and text, or combined text, AI confidence score, and image overlay.

Concurrent Exercise Training: Long-Term Changes in Body Composition and Motives for Continued Participation in Women with Obesity.

The purpose of this project was to examine the effect of a concurrent exercise program (sprint interval training and resistance exercise) on body composition in women with obesity and factors associated with continued exercise participation following the program. Twenty women (37.1 ± 7.

Adaptations to a Concurrent Exercise Training Program in Inactive Aging Women.

Wadsworth, DD, Rodriguez-Hernandez, M, Huffman, LS, McDonald, JR, Spring, KE, and Pascoe, DD. Adaptations to a concurrent exercise training program in inactive aging women. J Strength Cond Res 36(11): 3217-3223, 2022-This study assessed the effect of a 10-week, sprint interval concurrent exercise training program on body composition and muscular strength in aging women.

Diagnostic imaging for suspected pulmonary embolism during pregnancy and postpartum: A comparative radiation dose study.

Introduction: To compare the radiation dose exposure and diagnostic efficiency of computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and ventilation/perfusion imaging (V/Q) for clinically suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) in pregnant and postpartum women in a tertiary hospital setting.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 473 pregnant and postpartum women referred for CTPA or V/Q for clinically suspected PE between January 2013 and December 2018 at a tertiary hospital. Maternal effective radiation dose, breast-absorbed radiation dose and fetal-absorbed dose estimates were calculated.

USPSTF2013 versus PLCOm2012 lung cancer screening eligibility criteria (International Lung Screening Trial): interim analysis of a prospective cohort study.

Background: Lung cancer is a major health problem. CT lung screening can reduce lung cancer mortality through early diagnosis by at least 20%. Screening high-risk individuals is most effective.

Chest imaging findings in COVID-19-positive patients in an Australian tertiary hospital.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected over 215 million individuals worldwide. Chest radiographs (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) have assisted with diagnosis and assessment of COVID-19. Previous reports have described peripheral and lower zone predominant opacities on chest radiographs.

Strategies for the Management of Solitary Pulmonary Nodules: A Survey of Patient Preferences.

Background: Guideline-based strategies for evaluation of solitary pulmonary nodules are tailored to the likelihood of malignancy. Surveillance, biopsy, and resection are all reasonable approaches in fit individuals when the likelihood of malignancy is intermediate. Given the paucity of data demonstrating superior outcomes and important trade-offs among strategies, guidelines emphasize the importance of eliciting patient preferences and engaging in shared decision making; however, there is little literature on what patient preferences actually are.

Development of autotaxin inhibitors: A series of tetrazole cinnamides.

A series of inhibitors of Autotaxin (ATX) have been developed from a high throughput screening hit, 1a, which shows an alternative binding mode to known catalytic site inhibitors. Selectivity over the hERG channel and microsomal clearance were dependent on the lipophilicity of the compounds, and this was optimised by reduction of clogD whilst maintaining high affinity ATX inhibition. Compound 15a shows good oral exposure, and concentration dependent inhibition of formation of LPA in vivo, as shown in pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) experiments.

'I'm praying for a miracle': characteristics of spiritual statements in paediatric intensive care unit care conferences.

Context: Supporting spiritual needs is a well-established aspect of palliative care, but no data exist regarding how physicians engage with patients and families around spirituality during care conferences in paediatric intensive care units (PICU).

Objectives: To assess the frequency and characteristics of family and physician spiritual statements in PICU care conferences.

Methods: We performed qualitative analysis of 71 transcripts from PICU conferences, audio-recorded at an urban, quaternary medical centre.

Correlation of positron emission tomography ventilation-perfusion matching with CT densitometry in severe emphysema.

Background: Emphysema severity is frequently measured on CT via densitometry. Correlation with scintigraphic and spirometric functional measures of ventilation or perfusion varies widely, and no prior study has evaluated correlation between densitometry and lobar ventilation/perfusion in patients with severe emphysema. The aim of this study was to evaluate the utility and findings of gallium-68 (Ga) ventilation/perfusion positron emission tomography-CT (Ga-VQ/PET-CT) in severe emphysema assessment.

Reconciling Electrostatic and n→π* Orbital Contributions in Carbonyl Interactions.

Interactions between carbonyl groups are prevalent in protein structures. Earlier investigations identified dominant electrostatic dipolar interactions, while others implicated lone pair n→π* orbital delocalisation. Here these observations are reconciled.

Investigation and diagnostic imaging of suspected pulmonary embolism during pregnancy and the puerperium: A review of the literature.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a leading cause of maternal mortality with women at increased risk of PE during pregnancy and the early postpartum period. Clinical assessment of suspected PE during pregnancy is challenging as signs and symptoms associated with PE overlap with physiological changes of pregnancy. Clinical tests and rules commonly used to assess pre-test probability of PE were historically not well validated in the pregnant population.

Cell engraftment, vascularization, and inflammation after treatment of equine distal limb wounds with endothelial colony forming cells encapsulated within hydrogel microspheres.

Background: Endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs) may be useful therapeutically in conditions with poor blood supply, such as distal limb wounds in the horse. Encapsulation of ECFCs into injectable hydrogel microspheres may ensure cell survival and cell localization to improve neovascularization and healing. Autologous ECFCs were isolated from 6 horses, labeled with quantum nanodots (QD), and a subset were encapsulated in poly(ethylene) glycol fibrinogen microspheres (PEG-Fb MS).

Functional Performance of Firefighters After Exposure to Environmental Conditions and Exercise.

Context: Slips, trips, and falls are leading causes of musculoskeletal injuries in firefighters. Researchers have hypothesized that heat stress is the major contributing factor to these fireground injuries.

Objective: To examine the effect of environmental conditions, including hot and ambient temperatures, and exercise on functional and physiological outcome measures, including balance, rectal temperature, and perceived exertion.