Unraveling Ammonia and Trimethylamine Uptake on Conductive Doped Polyaniline.

Polyaniline (PAni)-based sensors are a promising solution for ammonia (NH) detection at the ppb level. However, the nature of the NH-PAni interaction and underlying drivers remain unclear. This paper proposes to characterize the interaction between doped PAni (dPAni) sensing material and NH by using a Knudsen cell.

Lung overexpression of angiostatin aggravates pulmonary hypertension in chronically hypoxic mice.

Exposure to hypoxia leads to the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) as a consequence of pulmonary smooth muscle hyperplasia. Hypoxia concomitantly stimulates lung expression of angiogenic factors. To investigate the role of angiogenesis processes in development of hypoxic PH, we examined the effects of lung overexpression of angiostatin, an angiogenesis inhibitor, on development of hypoxic PH and lung endothelial cell (EC) density.

Effects of dietary gamma-linolenic acid on the tissue phospholipid fatty acid composition and the synthesis of eicosanoids in rats.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different doses of dietary gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) on the tissue phospholipid fatty acid composition and the synthesis of eicosanoids in growing rats. The supplementation with different oils rich in GLA (borage oil, evening primrose oil, or Spirulina oil) and poor in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids or biomass of Spirulina results in a significant dose-related increase of GLA and dihomo-GLA in liver, erythrocyte, and aorta phospholipids in rats fed during 6 weeks different levels of GLA. The arachidonic acid (AA)/dihomo-GLA ratios decreased with increasing intake of dietary GLA, but the AA proportions remained stable.

Modulation of rat and human lymphocyte function by n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and acetylsalicylic acid.

The effects of in vitro additions of between 10 and 100 microM n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were examined on the proliferation of stimulated T lymphocytes in culture. For both phytohemagglutinin-induced human blood lymphocytes and concanavalin-A-induced rat splenic lymphocytes, the largest inhibitory effects were obtained with 22:4 n-6 and 22:6 n-3, and to a lesser extent with 20:5 n-3. Arachidonic acid 20:4 n-6, the main eicosanoid precursor, was not inhibitory, it even stimulated rat lymphocyte proliferation.

Hydroxymethylthiobutanoic acid spares methionine from catabolism in the chick.

Two groups of chicks were fed, until they were 3 weeks old, diets supplemented with either DL-methionine (MET) or DL-2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid (HMB). Oxidation to CO2 and uric catabolism of intraperitoneally injected L-[1-14C]MET and DL-[1-14C]HMB were studied comparatively for 8 h. HMB supplementation spares available MET from both oxidative and uric catabolism.

Effects of moderate dietary supplementations with n-3 fatty acids on macrophage and lymphocyte phospholipids and macrophage eicosanoid synthesis in the rat.

The effects of a moderate dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were determined on the eicosanoid synthesis by rat peritoneal macrophages: the availability of arachidonic acid (20:4 (n-6)) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 (n-3] in the membrane phospholipids of peritoneal macrophages and splenic lymphocytes and the synthesis of the main eicosanoids were evaluated in parallel. The n-6/n-3 ratio was decreased from 13.5 in the control diet rich in 18:2(n-6) to about 2 by an addition of either linseed oil providing 18:3(n-3) (linseed oil diet) or fish oil providing 20:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3) (fish oil diet).

Plasma and tissue-free amino acids in the developing chick.

The free amino acids of the plasma and pectoral muscle, liver and brain cytosolic S105 supernatant obtained from 2- and 3-week-old fasted chicks, were analyzed by HPLC after deproteinization by ultrafiltration. Protein-bound amino acids were analyzed in parallel studies. A clear relationship between the free and bound tissue amino acids was apparent.

Comparison of tissular disposition of pentamidine mesylate in the rat after aerosol or parenteral administration.

The tissular distribution of pentamidine mesylate (4 mg/kg as free base) after intravenous, intramuscular, and aerosol administration in healthy rats was examined. Pentamidine levels in the plasma, lungs, liver, kidneys, and other organs were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Pentamidine was undetectable in the plasma after day 5.

In vivo 14C isotopic evaluation of amino acid oxidative catabolism in the growing chick. II. Slow respiratory 14CO2 and protein renewal.

Analysis of the respiratory 14CO2 of growing chicks injected intraperitoneally with [1-14C] or [U-14C]glycine or valine has shown the presence of a delayed 'slow 14CO2' exponential component. The half-lives, about 3 h, are independent of the nature of the amino acid and of the age (1-3 weeks) of the animal. As supported by investigations in cycloheximide-treated chicks of the oxidative catabolism of glycine, valine and acetate, slow 14CO2 is significantly associated with the degradation of short-lived proteins.

In vivo 14C isotopic evaluation of amino acid oxidative catabolism in the growing chick. I. Fast respiratory 14CO2 and acetyl-CoA renewal.

A single dose of [1-14C] or [U-14C]glycine or L-[1-14C] or [U-14C]valine was injected intraperitoneally into 1- and 3-week-old chicks. Continuous automatic determination of respiratory 14CO2 and determination of 14C in excreta and uric acid were carried out for 8 h. Computer-aided analysis of the kinetics of respiratory 14CO2 demonstrated two exponentially decreasing components, 'fast 14CO2' and slow 14CO2'.

Hydrochloric acid hydrolysis of proteins and determination of tryptophan by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

A simple method was developed for determination of tryptophan in proteins. Hydrolysis is achieved under reducing conditions, in 6 N hydrochloric acid containing 0.4% beta-mercaptoethanol, at 110 degrees C for 24 h.

[Distribution of C14-lindane in the rat after administration of a single dose by the intraperitoneal and intravenous route].

14C-Lindane retentions in Rat tissues were studied until 24 hrs after a single dose pesticide administration. Each organ shows particular kinetics. Adipose tissue is the most active in pesticide fixation but the lungs retain retain momentarily a large fraction of Lindane after intravenous injection.

[Essential fatty acids and animal development].

With the exception of some cell strains in culture, the animal cells need w6 linoleic acid and its superior polyinsaturated derivatives for their structural growth and their multiplication. Deficiency of linoleic acid leads to growth failure, organic fraility and death of the animal. Involvement of the prostaglandins is not demonstrated.

Assimilation of 14C-linoleic acid by the rat fetus.

Following ingestion, by the 20-day pregnant mother, of (1-14C)linoleic acid, the retention and distribution of 14C are determined in th fetus, placenta and mother, after 1, 3 and 6 h. Comparison of the specific activities of linoleic and arachidonic acids in the maternal plasma, liver and placenta, and the fetal plasma, liver and carcass leads to the conclusion of a selective materno-fetal transfer of arachidonic acid, relative to linoleic acid, through the placenta.