Pyogenic granuloma in patients treated with selective BRAF inhibitors: another manifestation of paradoxical pathway activation.

Cutaneous toxicities under therapy with selective BRAF inhibitors such as vemurafenib or encorafenib (LGX818) are frequent, including plantar hyperkeratosis, squamous cell carcinoma, and second primary melanoma. Pyogenic granuloma is a benign, rapidly growing, eruptive hemangioma that often bleeds and ulcerates. Common causes are mechanical trauma and cast immobilization, as well as multiple drugs such as retinoids and antineoplastic agents.

Cytotoxic Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions during Anti-PD-1 Therapy.

Purpose: Immunotherapy has experienced impressive progress in cancer treatment. Antibodies against PD-1 improved survival in different types of cancer including melanoma. They are generally well tolerated.

Targeted therapy in melanoma - the role of BRAF, RAS and KIT mutations.

Melanoma today is considered as a spectrum of melanocytic malignancies characterised by clinical and molecular features, including targetable mutations in several kinases such as BRAF or c-KIT. The successful development of therapies targeting these mutations has resulted in new specific treatment options. These include vemurafenib, dabrafenib, trametinib, imatinib and other kinase inhibitors that are selected when the respective mutation is present.