Alloimmune Myositis as Paraneoplastic Complication of an Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma After Severe Chronic Graft vs Host Disease or a Manifestation of Chronic Graft vs Host Disease? A Case Report and Literature Discussion.

A 53-year-old female patient with acute myeloid leukemia developed severe chronic graft vs host disease (cGVHD) of the oral mucosa after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with leukoplakia and relapsing oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue. cGVHD needed long-lasting immunosuppressive therapy; SCC was treated with radiation and surgery. Acute myeloid leukemia remained in complete remission.

CD52-negative T cells predict acute graft-versus-host disease after an alemtuzumab-based conditioning regimen.

Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) after a reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen with fludarabine, melphalan and alemtuzmab is an effective therapy for haematological malignancies. Alemtuzumab, a monoclonal antibody against CD52, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor-bound surface protein on lymphocytes, depletes T cells to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Despite this, acute and chronic GVHD (a/cGVHD) remain life-threatening complications after HSCT.