Rescue in vitro fertilization using a GnRH antagonist in hyper-responders from gonadotropin intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles.

Objective: To evaluate the outcomes in the conversion of high-response gonadotropin intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles to "rescue" in vitro fertilization (IVF) using a Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) antagonist, with regards to implantation rates, pregnancy rates, cost, and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) as compared to matched, hyper-responder, IVF controls.

Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted between January 2007 and December 2009 at our institution. In order to decrease high-order multiple pregnancy, minimize the incidence of OHSS, and avoid cycle cancellation, high-response stimulated-IUI patients opted to convert to "rescue" IVF using the GnRH antagonist cetrorelix acetate.

Membranous and structural damage that occur during cryopreservation of human sperm may be time-related events.

Objective: To evaluate sperm cryopreservation-induced injuries using sperm plasma membrane protein P34H and alpha-tubulin as two different subcellular compartment markers.

Design: Prospective experimental study.

Setting: Academic hospital research center and fertility clinic.