Comparative response of fennel, ajwain, and anise in terms of osmolytes accumulation, ion imbalance, photosynthetic and growth functions under salinity.

The increasing trend of salinization of agricultural lands represents a great threat to the growth of major crops. Hence, shedding light on the salt-tolerance capabilities of three environment-resilient medicinal species from the Apiaceae, i.e.

Synergistic effects of calcium and melatonin on physiological and phytochemical attributes of Dracocephalum kotschyi genotypes under salinity stress.

Since regulatory roles of calcium (Ca) and melatonin (MT) in physiological responses of plants to salinity stress are lacking, various Dracocephalum kotschyi genotypes (Bojnord, Urmia, Fereydunshahr, and Semirom) were pretreated with exogenous Ca (5 mM), MT (100 μM), and Ca + MT in the presence of salt (75 mM NaCl). In addition measuring the concentration of phenolic compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), histochemical evaluations of essential oils and phenolic compounds in glandular trichomes of leaf samples was performed by light microscope. Salt stress reduced shoot fresh (SFW) and dry weight (SDW), leaf area (LA), relative water content (RWC), and maximum efficiency of photosystem II (F /F ), but enhanced total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoids content (TFC), phenolic compounds concentrations, 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity, electrolyte leakage (EL), proline, and hydrogen peroxide (H O ) concentrations, and Na /K and essential oils and TPC of the glandular trichomes of leaves in all D.

Interplay of an array of salt-responding mechanisms in Iranian borage: Evidence from physiological, biochemical, and histochemical examinations.

In order to address the lacuna of data on the response of physiological and biochemical attributes and chemical compounds of glandular trichomes of Iranian borage (Echium amoenum Fisch. & C.A.

Melatonin improves the photosynthesis in Dracocephalum kotschyi under salinity stress in a Ca/CaM-dependent manner.

This study investigated: (1) the effects of various concentrations of melatonin (MT) and Ca2+; and (2) the impact of crosstalk between these signal molecules on photosynthesis and salt tolerance of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. Results indicated that 5mM CaCl2, as well as 100μM MT were the best concentrations for increasing shoot dry weight, leaf area, SPAD index, maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), and decreasing malondialdehyde content under salinity stress. The impact of MT on growth and photosynthesis was closely linked to its effect on enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities in leaves.

Crosstalk between melatonin and Ca/CaM evokes systemic salt tolerance in Dracocephalum kotschyi.

In this study, the role of calcium/calmodulin (Ca/CaM) and melatonin (Mel) as two signal molecules in inducing systemic salt tolerance of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. was investigated. Salinity stress (100 mM NaCl) reduced plant growth and induced ionic, osmotic, and oxidative damages in D.

Melatonin and calcium modulate the production of rosmarinic acid, luteolin, and apigenin in Dracocephalum kotschyi under salinity stress.

Melatonin (Mel) and calcium (Ca) have a regulatory role in the induction of specialized metabolites production and defensive responses against stresses. Therefore, in this study, the effects of Mel and Ca and the possible relationship between them in the increase of the production of phenolic compounds in Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. under both control and salinity stress conditions were investigated.

Decreased sink/source ratio enhances hexose transport in the fruits of greenhouse tomatoes: integration of gene expression and biochemical analyses.

To examine the physiological role of hexose transporters in determining the sink strength of individual fruits, the regulation of hexose transporters gene expression was studied when the sink/source ratio was artificially altered under the greenhouse condition; this was done in two cultivars of tomato, i.e. Grandella and Isabella.

Different response to Cd stress in domesticated and wild safflower (Carthamus spp.).

Cadmium (Cd) can stress plants by affecting various physiological functions. Cd stress-response mechanisms were investigated in two genotypes of domesticated safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) and a population of wild safflower (Carthamus oxycantous) to explore potential differences in tolerance mechanisms of these species. A hydroponic experiment was conducted with 6-day-old safflower plants.