The Effect of Different Fluid Therapy Methods on Hemodynamic Parameters, Blood Sugar, Blood Gases, and Blood Electrolytes in Six Months to Four Years Old Children Undergoing Surgery.

Background: Considering the necessity of employing an appropriate fluid therapy for patients during the surgery to have hemodynamic stability and electrolyte balance and the lack of studies addressing children in this regard, the present study aimed at investigating the effect of different fluid therapy methods on hemodynamic parameters, blood sugar (BS), blood gases, and blood electrolytes in children undergoing surgery.

Materials And Methods: The current clinical trial was conducted on 105 children aged 6 months to 4 years that were candidates for surgery. These patients were randomly divided into three groups undergoing intraoperative fluid therapy with 1/5-4/5 serum, Ringer's, and 1/3-2/3 serum.

Evaluation the effect of breathing filters on end-tidal carbon dioxide during inferior abdominal surgery in infants and changes of tidal volume and respiratory rate needs for preventing of increasing end-tidal carbon dioxide.

Background: The aim of this study was to prevent of increasing end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO with changing of vital capacity and respiratory rate when using of birthing filter in infants.

Materials And Methods: In a randomized clinical trial study, ninety-four infant' patients were studied in three groups. Basic values, such as peak inspiratory pressure, tidal volume, minute ventilation, respiratory rate, and partial pressure of ET CO (PETCO) level had been evaluated after intubation, 10 min after intubation and 10 min after filter insertion.

Comparative evaluation between two methods of induced hypotension with infusion of Remifentanil and Labetalol during sinus endoscopy.

Objective: This study aimed to compare two methods of controlled hypotension using labetalol and remifentanil in terms of capability to create controlled hypotension and to investigate the obtained complications, and satisfaction rate of surgeon and patient during functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

Methods: In this prospective clinical trial, 62 patients underwent endoscopic sinus surgery in Al-Zahra and Ayatollah Kashani Hospitals of Isfahan were divided into two groups: in the first group, 20 mg bolus dose of labetalol and then infusion of it, at a rate of 0.5-2.

Comparison of the effects of intravenous premedication: Midazolam, Ketamine, and combination of both on reducing anxiety in pediatric patients before general anesthesia.

Objective: In some medical circumstances, pediatric patients may need premedication for transferring to the operating room. In these situations, using intravenous premedication is preferred. We assessed the efficacy and safety of intravenous midazolam, intravenous ketamine, and combination of both to reduce the anxiety and improve behavior in children undergoing general anesthesia.

Comparative evaluation of adding different opiates (morphine, meperidine, buprenorphine, or fentanyl) to lidocaine in duration and quality of axillary brachial plexus block.

Background: There is no agreement about the effect of adding opioids to local anesthetics in peripheral nerve blocks. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of adding different opioids with equipotent doses of lidocaine in axillary brachial plexus block using ultrasonography and nerve locator guidance.

Materials And Methods: In a prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial study, 72 adult patients aged 18-65 years old scheduled for orthopedic surgery of the forearm and hand with axillary brachial plexus block were selected and randomly allocated to four groups.

A randomized controlled trial for the effectiveness of intraarticular versus intravenous midazolam on pain after knee arthroscopy.

Background: This double-blinded, randomized clinical trial was designed to evaluate the comparison of intravenous versus intraarticular (IA) administration of midazolam on postoperative pain after knee arthroscopy.

Materials And Methods: In this study, 75 patients randomized in three groups to receive 75 mc/kg IA injection of midazolam and 10 ml intravenous injection of isotonic saline (Group I), 75 mc/kg intravenous injection of midazolam and 10 cc IA injection of isotonic saline (Group II) or IA and intravenous injection of isotonic saline (Group III) at the end of knee arthroscopy. Pain scores, time until the first request for analgesics, cumulative analgesic consumption, satisfaction, sedation, and complications as studied outcomes were assessed.

Prophylactic Use of Oral Acetaminophen or IV Dexamethasone and Combination of them on Prevention Emergence Agitation in Pediatric after Adenotonsillectomy.

Background: The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of acetaminophen plus dexamethasone on post-operative emergence agitation in pediatric adenotonsillectomy.

Methods: A total of 128 patients were randomized and assigned among four groups as: Intravenous (IV) dexamethasone, oral acetaminophen, IV dexamethasone plus oral acetaminophen, placebo. Group 1 received 0.

The effect of intravenous infusion of paracetamol before anesthesia induction on the core and peripheral temperature changes and post-operative shivering in patients undergoing general anesthesia.

Background: Post-operative shivering is an unpleasant complication that various drugs are used to prevent and treat. It is tried to advice a suitable drug with the least side-effects. This study was carried out to examine the effect of intravenous Apotel on the post-operative shivering and core and peripheral body temperature.

Comparative evaluation of the effects of hydroxyethyl starch on coagulation state of patients during brain tumor surgeries in comparison to crystalloids by thromboelastography.

Background: Hypercoagulability has been reported in primary brain tumors which can lead to thrombotic complications. Hydroxyethyl starch (hetastarch) is a synthetic colloid solution with adverse effects on blood coagulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of hetastarch in reducing thromboembolic events in these patients.

Comparing the preventive effect of 2 percent topical lidocaine and intravenous atropine on oculocardiac reflex in ophthalmological surgeries under general anesthesia.

Background: The current study aimed to determine preventive effect of 2 percent topical xylocaine on oculocardiac reflex in ophthalmological surgeries except strabismus, including retinal detachment and vitrectomy with scleral buckling under general anesthesia.

Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out on 150 patients aged 18-90 years undergoing ophthalmological surgeries under general anesthesia. Samples randomly divided into the experimental group (received four drops of 2 percent topical xylocaine instilled in desired eye) and control group (received 0.

The effect of lidocaine on reducing the tracheal mucosal damage following tracheal intubation.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of lidocaine solution in the cuff of the endotracheal tube in reducing mucosal damage following tracheal intubation.

Materials And Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial study undertaken in the intensive care unit patients. Participants, who met all eligibility criteria, were randomly assigned to one of two groups of patients, according to whether lidocaine or air was used to fill the tracheal tube cuff.

A randomized evaluation of intravenous dexamethasone versus oral acetaminophen codeine in pediatric adenotonsillectomy: emergence agitation and analgesia.

Background: Adenotonsillectomy is the most frequently performed ambulatory surgical procedure in children. Post operative agitation and inadequate pain control, for children undergoing adenotonsillectomy, can be a challenge. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of intravenous dexamethasone and oral acetaminophen codeine on emergence agitation and pain after adenotonsillectomy in children.

Effects of adjunct intrathecal magnesium sulfate to bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia: a randomized, double-blind trial in patients undergoing lower extremity surgery.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of additional magnesium sulfate (MgSO(4)) 100 mg to intrathecal (IT) isobaric 0.5% bupivacaine 3 ml on spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing lower extremity orthopedic surgery.

Methods: In a double-blind randomized clinical trial, 79 American Association of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I or II adult patients undergoing lower extremity orthopedic surgery were recruited.

Comparison of pre- vs. post-incisional caudal bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in unilateral pediatric herniorrhaphy: A double-blind randomized clinical trial.

Introduction: This study was designed to evaluate the pre- vs. post-incisional analgesic efficacy of bupivacaine administered caudally in children undergoing unilateral hernia repair.

Methods: Fifty children aged 6 months to 6 years were included in the study.

Efficacy of granisetron in preventing postanesthetic shivering.

Background: Recently, 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT3) receptor antagonists have been reported to prevent postanesthetic shivering. This placebo-controlled study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of granisetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, in comparison with meperidine and tramadol in preventing postanesthetic shivering.

Methods: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, 132 ASA I and II patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery under standardized general anesthesia were included.

Supplementing epidural lidocaine with midazolam: effect on sensorymotor block level.

Background: Midazolam, the only clinically available water-soluble benzodiazepine, has been reported to have an antinociceptive effect through neuroaxial pathway. Also it can be used epidurally for postoperative analgesia and chronic pain management. In a recent study it was disclosed that when midazolam was added to intrathecal bupivacaine it improved the duration and quality of the spinal anesthesia.

Paradoxical reaction following intravenous midazolam premedication in pediatric patients - a randomized placebo controlled trial of ketamine for rapid tranquilization.

Background: Paradoxical reactions to benzodiazepines include restlessness, violent behavior, physical assault, act of self-injury and need for restraints. These may occur at variable times after administration. This study was designed to determine the incidence of paradoxical reactions following intravenous midazolam premedication in pediatric patients and to compare the efficacy of extra doses of midazolam with low-dose intravenous ketamine to rapidly tranquillize them.

A randomized, prospective comparison of end-tidal CO2 pressure during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in low and high flow anesthetic system.

Background: Low flow anaesthesia has been used in anesthetic practice to prevent operation room pollution and also for econormical reasons. Since the safety of low flow technique has not been clearly determined in previous researches this study was performed to compare the end-tidal CO2 pressure during laparoscopic cholecystectomy in low flow as opposed to high flow anesthesia.

Methods: Forty patients, 30-65 years of age, ASA physical status I or II, scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia were randomly alloted to low flow and high flow groups.

The macroscopic changes of tracheal mucosa following tight versus loose control of tracheal tube cuff pressure.

Background: Tracheal mucosal lesions have been reported following intubation anesthesia. This has been mostly attributed to improper cuff pressure leading to ischemic damages of the tracheal mucosa. In this study macroscopic changes of tracheal mucosa at the site of cuff inflation were evaluated endoscopically after "tight method" of cuff pressure control using a special water manometer.