Recommendations of apex health bodies remain localized: not in conformity with international implementation policy for urological disorders.

In developing/underdeveloped countries there is still a great burden of adverse drug reaction (ADR), morbidity and mortality because of poor regulations and implementation of preventive measures. These countries try to copy/follow guidelines from international bodies like American Urology Association (AUA), European Association of Urology (EAU), AGS, UMC and WHO irrespective of their country of origin and success in implementation. Although recommendations of these organizations are obligatory, yet these are taken as the gold standard for good clinical practices.

Development of a High Penetration Safe Irrigant from .

Background: Herbal medicine is regaining a strong position in health care by virtue of better safety and minimal toxicity as compared to conventional chemotherapies. It is making a place in dental care in the form of various toothpastes, lotions, and mouthwashes. It has been analyzed that very few discrete herbal irrigants have an action comparable to that of sodium hypochlorite.

Emerging role of MicroRNA-Based theranostics in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with its high mortality and short survival rate, continues to be one of the deadliest malignancies despite relentless efforts and several technological advances. The poor prognosis of HCC and the few available treatments are to blame for the low survival rate, which emphasizes the importance of creating new, effective diagnostic markers and innovative therapy strategies. In-depth research is being done on the potent biomarker miRNAs, a special class of non-coding RNA and has shown encouraging results in the early identification and treatment of HCC in order to find more viable and successful therapeutics for the disease.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical interns and postgraduate residents on American Geriatric Society updated Beers criteria.

Background: Potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) prevalence in older adults is increasing day by day due to lack of knowledge among medical students and professionals.

Objective: To determine the knowledge of medical students toward American Geriatric Society (AGS) Beers criteria for PIM prescribing.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study employed a self-administered questionnaire which was validated and designed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical interns and postgraduate residents on Beers criteria for PIMs in older adults.

Bioinformatics Paradigms in Drug Discovery and Drug Development.

Despite breakthroughs in medical sciences, drug development remains a timeconsuming, expensive, challenging, and inefficient process with a high failure rate for novel therapeutic discoveries. Bioinformatics analysis can speed up drug target identification, drug candidate screening, and refining, but it can also help characterise adverse effects and anticipate drug resistance. Integrated genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics have resulted in potent new tactics for resolving numerous biochemical problems and establishing new methodologies that result in new biomedical products.

Micronome Revealed miR-205-5p as Key Regulator of VEGFA During Cancer Related Angiogenesis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

The high ratio of global mortality rate to incidence rate and steep increase in incidence of liver cancer warrants need for advancement of innovative cancer treatment and therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). miRNAs are fascinating prospects as treatments in the form of miRNA mimics or therapeutic targets because of their capacity to target various mRNAs that are changed in diseased states. Micronome is a tool to find signature miRNA for any disease and there is hardly any study on micronome in HCC.

Integration of System Biology Tools to Investigate Huperzine A as an Anti-Alzheimer Agent.

The present study aimed to investigate huperzine A as an anti-Alzheimer agent based on the principle that a single compound can regulate multiple proteins and associated pathways, using system biology tools. The simplified molecular-input line-entry system of huperzine A was retrieved from the PubChem database, and its targets were predicted using SwissTargetPrediction. These targets were matched with the proteins deposited in DisGeNET for Alzheimer disease and enriched in STRING to identify the probably regulated pathways, cellular components, biological processes, and molecular function.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) - A Brand Ambassador/Alarming Bell for Potentially Inappropriate Medication in Elderly Inpatients.

Background: Since the past decade, prevalence of Potentially Inappropriate Medication (PIM) among elderly inpatients has increased drastically. However, limited data is available on PIM indicators and PIMs use among the elderly in patients suffering from Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD).

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of PIMs in elderly hospitalized patients with CKD.

Prevalence and predictors of Potentially Inappropriate Psychotropic Medication in older adults with psychiatric illness.

Background: There is limited information available on the use of Potentially Inappropriate Psychotropic (PIP) medication in older adults having a psychiatric illness.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of and predictors of prescribing PIP medications in older adults with psychiatric illness.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital on 456 patients of either sex, with a median age of 65 years attending the psychiatry outpatient department.

Clonazepam tops the list of potentially inappropriate psychotropic (PIP) medications in older adults with psychiatric illness: A cross-sectional study based on Beers criteria 2019 vs STOPP criteria 2015.

Background: In older adults, polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate psychotropic (PIP) medication use are prominent prescription challenges. However, there is limited information available on the use of PIP medication in older adults having psychiatry illness.

Objective: To find out the most commonly prescribed PIP in tertiary care hospitals of developing countries with respect to Beers criteria 2019 and Screening Tool of Older Persons' Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions (STOPP) and predictors of PIP.

Erdafitinib as a Novel and Advanced Treatment Strategy of Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma.

Urothelial carcinoma has become the ninth most common malignancy in the world. Since the 1980s, diverse studies and treatment methods came out with their possible effects along with certain limitations. Initially, platinum chemotherapy was considered as first-line treatment of the disease.

Prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication and its correlates in elderly hospitalized patients: A cross-sectional study based on Beers criteria.

Background: The increase in the prescription of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) in older adults with significant health consequences is a global concern. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PIM prescription in older adults as identified by Beers criteria 2015 and 2019.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in older adults aged >65 years at a tertiary care postgraduate teaching hospital.

formulations containing benzoic and ascorbic acids as additives: benzene formation during storage and impact of additives on quality parameters.

Objectives: formulations are becoming the prior choice of people as health care supplements. The increasing demand for these formulations has led to extensive development of pharmaceutical industries worldwide. The reaction between the preservatives (sodium benzoates and ascorbic acid) used in these formulations could generate benzene.

Small Interfering RNAs and RNA Therapeutics in Cardiovascular Diseases.

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is being exploited and understood in its many aspects of function and structure for development of valuable tools in the therapeutics of various diseases such as cardiovascular etc. The expanded knowledge regarding function of RNA in the genomics and inside the cell has dramatically changed the therapeutic strategies in the past few years. RNA has become a spotlight of attention for developing novel therapeutic schemes and hence variety of therapeutic strategies is being coming into the picture that includes RNA interference, use of aptamers, role of microRNA (miRNA) that can alter the complex gene expression patterns.

RNA Binding Proteins and Non-coding RNA's in Cardiovascular Diseases.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality as well as morbidity worldwide. The disease has been reported to be chronic in nature and the symptoms of the disease worsen progressively over a long period of time. Inspite of noteworthy achievements have been made in the therapy of CVD yet the available drugs are associated with various undesirable factors including drug toxicity, complexity, resistance and many more.

Association of CD4/CD8 Ratio with Viral Load, Genotype and Cirrhosis in Chronic Hepatitis C.

Abstract: The interplay between Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and immune system, especially T lymphocytes play a major role in the clearance of virus and in development of liver cell injury resulting in replacement of healthy tissue with fibrous scar tissue.

Objectives: To evaluate the association of CD4/CD8 ratio with viral load and genotype of HCV and to evaluate the correlation of CD4/CD8 ratio and CD4 and CD8 cell counts with liver function tests in HCV infected patients.

Methods: Forty patients of Chronic Hepatitis C infection were enrolled for study.

Development and Validation of a Novel Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Tezacaftor and Ivacaftor in Fixed Dose Combination.

A simple and precise novel stability-indicating method for the simultaneous estimation of tezacaftor and ivacaftor in combined tablet dosage form was developed and validated using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The method is being reported for the first time and includes an estimation of degradation products produced post-stress conditions without any extraction or derivatization. The chromatographic separation of the drugs was achieved with a Symmetry Shield RP18 Column (100 Å, 5 μm, 4.

Bioinformatics-Based Tools and Software in Clinical Research: A New Emerging Area.

Nowadays, drug discovery is a long process which includes target identification, validation, lead optimization, and many other major/minor steps. The huge flow of data has necessitated the need for computational support for collection, storage, retrieval, analysis, and correlation of data sets of complex information. At the beginning of the twentieth century, it was cumbersome to elaborate the experimental findings in the form of clinical outcomes, but current research in the field of bioinformatics clearly shows ongoing unification of experimental findings and clinical outcomes.

Bioactivity-guided isolation of potent anxiolytic compounds from leaves of .

Context: fragrances have been attributed with mood-enhancing properties by aromatherapists. Leaves of this plant have been reported to exert anti-anxiety activity. Till date, no specific phytoconstituent responsible for this has been identified.

Ethanol content in traditionally fermented ayurvedic formulations: Compromised Good Manufacturing Practice regulations - compromised health.

Background: A large part of the population of India prefers the traditional medicine (ayurvedic formulations) for primary health care. However, the effective quality control of herbal medicine is still a big challenge. Numerous reports indicate noncompliance with Compromised Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) guidelines by the manufacturers which may lead to adverse drug reactions or toxic effects.

Enasidenib: First Mutant IDH2 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Refractory and Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia is the collective name for different types of leukemias of myeloid origin affecting blood and bone marrow. The overproduction of immature myeloblasts (white blood cells) is the characteristic feature of AML, thus flooding the bone marrow and reducing its capacity to produce normal blood cells. USFDA on August 1, 2017, approved a drug named Enasidenib formerly known as AG-221 which is being marketed under the name Idhifa to treat R/R AML with IDH2 mutation.

Method for Detection of miRNAs in Non-Model Organisms with Unreported Database.

Non-model organisms are studied very frequently, as a simple accessible and convenient system to investigate the role of miRNAs in particular aspect of biology or disease. However, the unavailability of the annotated genome and hence miRNA database of these non-model organisms pose a major constraint for using them more efficiently. Here, we describe a new method to identify miRNAs in non-model organisms without complex sequencing strategies and using miRNAs from close relative organisms as proxy/reference sequences.

Targeting miRNA for Therapeutics Using a Micronome Based Method for Identification of miRNA-mRNA Pairs and Validation of Key Regulator miRNA.

MicroRNAs are 18-22 bp long non-coding sequences and play a critical role in diverse biological processes, through modulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by binding at the 3'-untranslated region of target mRNA. Consequent upon the discovery of structural and functional features of miRNA targeting, several molecular methods have been developed to identify miRNA targets. However, these methods suffer several drawbacks, including technical challenges, requirement of high cell volumes, inability to differentiate between direct and indirect targets, cell/tissue as well as experimental-specificity and imprecise binding site information.