Publications by authors named "Parul Kodan"

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be one of the deadliest infectious diseases over the centuries, killing more people worldwide than any other single infectious disease. There is an urgent need for additional strategies which can expedite efforts to combat TB including a preventive vaccine. In this endeavour, we have developed a protocol for a multisite, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in India that aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two TB vaccines; namely, VPM1002 and Immuvac () () (MIP) among healthy household contacts (HHCs) of sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB (PTB) patients.

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Background: There are studies available on the prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated mucormycosis (CAM) in hospitalized patients but not on the incidence of CAM in post-discharge patients. The aim of our study was to find the incidence of CAM in the patients discharged from a COVID hospital.

Material And Methods: Adult patients with COVID discharged between March 1, 2021 and June 30, 2021 were contacted and enquired about sign and symptoms of CAM.

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Background: , a unique parasite, can cause mortal disease even years after the exposure. Iatrogenic use of steroids can complicate asymptomatic infections to a life-threatening hyperinfection and/or disseminated infection. Data regarding seroprevalence of strongyloidiasis remains scarce and this knowledge gap needs due attention in many endemic countries including India.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients who were vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or BBV152 compared to unvaccinated individuals in a hospital setting in New Delhi, India, between March and June 2021.
  • A total of 210 hospitalized patients were analyzed, showing that the vaccinated group had a significantly lower all-cause mortality rate (8.6%) than the unvaccinated group (21.9%).
  • The findings indicate that vaccination during the second wave of the pandemic, particularly with the delta variant, improved survival chances for hospitalized patients, suggesting the benefits of vaccination.
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Background & Objectives: To eliminate tuberculosis (TB), the National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP) has given an algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of TB in children. This study was carried out to assess the prevailing practices to identify TB in severely malnourished children admitted to various nutrition rehabilitation centres (NRCs).

Methods: A retrospective chart review of 41 NRCs across five States having a maximum number of NRCs was carried out.

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Background: The epidemiology of the Coronavirus-disease associated mucormycosis (CAM) syndemic is poorly elucidated. We aimed to identify risk factors that may explain the burden of cases and help develop preventive strategies.

Methods: We performed a case-control study comparing cases diagnosed with CAM and taking controls as recovered COVID 19 patients who did not develop mucormycosis.

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Background: BBV152 is a whole-virion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine that has been deployed in India. The results of the phase 3 trial have shown clinical efficacy of BBV152. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of BBV152 against symptomatic RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Post COVID-19 sequelae are a constellation of symptoms often reported after recovering from COVID-19. There is a need to better understand the clinical spectrum and long-term course of this clinical entity. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical features and risk factors of post COVID-19 sequelae in the North Indian population.

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Use of systemic corticosteroids is well-established in COVID-19 patients with hypoxia; however, there is scant data on its role in patients with mild disease and prolonged symptoms as a measure to prevent disease progression. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of systemic corticosteroids in preventing hypoxia (SpO ≤ 93% on room-air) among mild COVID-19 patients. An observational study was conducted among symptomatic COVID-19 patients taking oral corticosteroids and attending institute teleconsultation facility between 10th-30th June 2021.

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Background: Though invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a well known complication of COVID-19 pneumonia, indolent forms of aspergillosis have been rarely described.

Methods: We prospectively collected the clinico-radio-microbiological data of 10 patients of subacute invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (SAIA), who presented to our hospital with recent history of COVID-19 pneumonia along with cavitary lung disease, positive IgG (against Aspergillus) with or without positive respiratory samples for Aspergillus spp.

Result: The mean age of presentation of SAIA was 50.

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Introduction There is a dearth of literature describing the clinical profile of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with malignancy. Patients with associated malignancy can have a more severe course of the disease. The aim was to study clinical course and outcome of critically ill patients admitted in ICU with associated malignancy.

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Background: Haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) may act as a source of infection for the recipient due to manipulation at multiple levels from collection to infusion. Due to the high risk of contamination cultures are usually taken during multiple steps. The clinical significance of microbial contamination of HSC on the post-transplant course and the role of prophylactic antibiotics is relatively unknown.

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Corona virus disease (COVID)-19 is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (commonly referred to as SARS-CoV-2). In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. Though the target organ for the virus is primarily the lungs, with the recent understanding of the pathobiology of this disease and the immune dysregulation associated with it, it is now clear that COVID-19 affects multiple organ systems.

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Article Synopsis
  • * Initially thought to be adhering to the ART, further investigation revealed poor adherence, leading to continued health deterioration despite treatment for the infections.
  • * After receiving enhanced adherence counseling, the patient's condition improved, highlighting the critical role of adhering to ART in managing HIV effectively.
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Lymph node tuberculosis is one of the most common forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis worldwide. The study aimed to evaluate the role of positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) in determining post-treatment response in lymph node tuberculosis. A PET-CT was done in all treatment naïve tubercular lymphadenitis adults at baseline and after six months of therapy.

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The clinical profile and risk factors for mortality in dengue fever have evolved over the years. The all-cause mortality in admitted dengue patients is around 6%. We aimed to evaluate the recent change in trends of the clinical characteristics and risk factors for in-hospital mortality in adults with dengue fever.

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Context: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous mycobacteria present in environment and generally affect patients with either structural lung disease or immunosuppression and commonly involve lungs, lymph node, or skin.

Materials And Methods: Between July 2016 and February 2019, 18 cases of NTM were diagnosed and their relevant clinical, diagnostic, and treatment details were recorded after taking informed consent.

Results: We report 18 cases of NTM involving lungs (n = 11), skin and soft tissue (n = 3), joint (n = 2), genitourinary (n = 1), and central nervous system (n = 1).

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Covid-19 disease can involve any organ system leading to myriad manifestations and complications. Cardiovascular manifestations are being increasingly recognised with the improved understanding of the disease. Acute coronary syndrome, myocarditis, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy; heart failure and thromboembolic disease have all been described.

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Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASP) is one of the most critical interventions required to halt the growing global antimicrobial resistance. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of trainee driven ASP implementation with limited available resources on outcome variables. An ASP team comprising of infectious diseases trainees and consultants was constituted to conduct stewardship activities in the Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, a tertiary care apex institute in north India.

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The management of neurological infections due to non-tubercular mycobacteria is extremely challenging because of scarce literature, issues with penetration, lack of easily available susceptibility platforms and adverse effects associated with long term therapy. We report a case of a young girl with neurological infection due to rapidly growing mycobacteria to discuss the factors that should be considered while choosing the therapy for such rare and persistent infections.

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Invasive central nervous system (CNS) aspergillosis is acquired by either hematogenous dissemination or direct spread from a sinus infection. We describe a series of nine patients with CNS aspergillosis from a tertiary care teaching institute in North India who were treated with voriconazole alone or in combination with surgery. All patients who had clinical and radiological features consistent with fungal CNS infection, showed the presence of septate hyphae on histopathology/microscopy and were either culture positive for spp.

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