Bowlby's attachment theory: implications for health visiting.

This article reviews the current state of research in attachment theory. It also examines the relations between attachment, child care and development, and the significance of attachment to adult functioning and well-being. It seems likely that humans need close emotional relationships or bonds with others.

A multidisciplinary education project in primary care.

The Department of Health (DoH) document, 'The New NHS - Working Together' (1998b) recognizes that education and training have a crucial role to play in the development of effective interprofessional work among practitioners. The aim of this article is to provide an account of a project that has been implemented in an East London National Health Service (NHS) Primary Health Trust as well as the experience of using practice-based shared learning with a group of clinical nurse specialists and other health professionals. It outlines the beginnings of the development of the group and discusses the process of facilitating learning, which would enable practitioners to develop in-house training for their staff in clinical practice throughout the Trust.

The expression of histone 2A in onion (Allium cepa) during the onset of dormancy, storage and emergence from dormancy.

The tissue-specific and developmental expression of histone 2A was studied in onion (Allium cepa'Robusta'), using northern blots. Histone 2A expression was enriched in basal tissues, particularly in the inner, meristematically active parts of bulbs. The expression was assessed during a time course of bulb development, dormancy onset and post-harvest sprouting in field-grown material.

N-terminal domain of Avena phytochrome: interactions with sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles and N-terminal chain truncated phytochrome.

Phytochrome is the ubiquitous red light photoreceptor present in plants. Properties of the 6-kDa end terminal region of phytochrome A (PHYA from etiolated Avena) have been investigated by the use of synthetic polypeptide fragments corresponding to that region. This region of the phytochrome A protein has been viewed as a possible functional site due to the large differences in the sequence's conformation and exposure between the Pr (red light-absorbing form) and Pfr (far-red light-absorbing, gene-regulating form) species of phytochrome A.

MOMENT: software for analysis and display of amphiphilic regions in proteins.

MOMENT is a 53 kbyte program written in Borland TurboPascal with Borland Turbo Graphics, which will run on IBM PC-compatible machines. The program reads protein sequence files and calculates the hydrophobic moment of user-defined segments. The values produced can be displayed in the form of a scan through the sequence, as vector diagrams and helical wheels, as plots of hydrophobic moment versus hydrophobicity, or as hydrophobic moment as a function of angle.

Using fragment lengths from incomplete digestion by multiply cleaving enzymes to map antibody binding sites on a protein.

The problem of mapping the positions of the unique binding sites of several monoclonal antibodies on a linear protein structure is considered. Data giving the incidence of binding of individual antibodies to fragments of the protein obtained from it by the incomplete chemical or enzymatic digestion are used to formulate a series of linear programming problems. The solution to these problems shows which orderings of binding sites are possible, and gives upper and lower bounds for the relative positions of the sites.

The use of amphipathic maleimides to study membrane-associated proteins.

A series of amphiphilic polymethlyenecarboxymaleimides has been synthesized for use as sulfhydryl reagents applicable to membrane proteins. Physical properties of the compounds which are relevant to their proposed mode of action have been determined. By comparing rates of reaction in aqueous and aprotic solvents, the compounds have been shown to react exclusively with the thiolate ion.

Computer analysis of phytochrome sequences from five species: implications for the mechanism of action.

The amino acid sequences of phytochrome from Avena sativa, Oryza sativa, Curcurbita pepo, Pisum sativum and Arabidopsis thaliana have been analyzed with a variety of computer programs, with a view to identifying areas of the protein which contribute to the properties of this photoreceptor. A region at the C-terminus has been shown to be amphiphilic, and by analogy with surface-seeking peptides, may be responsible for interaction of phytochrome with lipid bilayers. Possible targeting sequences in phytochromes have been identified, including a series of four basic residues which correspond to those responsible for transport of nuclear-located proteins.

Discrimination between the binding sites of modulators of the H+-translocating ATPase activity in rat liver mitochondrial membranes.

The properties of the components of the mitochondrial ATPase which interact with modulators of energy transduction have been examined. The chromatographic behavior and the size of the components which bind trialkyl tins, carbodiimides and uncouplers, have been shown to be different. However, they all appear to be proteolipids with apparent molecular weights around 10,000.

Inhibition by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide of ATP synthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes.

Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) inhibits, by 50%, ATP synthesis in isolated hepatocytes. This inhibition is associated with DCCD-binding to a proteolipid fraction present in submitochondrial particles.

Dibutylchloromethyltin chloride, a covalent inhibitor of the adenosine triphosphate synthase complex.

1. The synthesis of dibutylchloromethyltin chloride, a new covalent inhibitor of the mitochondrial ATP synthase [oligomycin-sensitive ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase)] complex is described, together with a method for preparing dibutylchloro[(3)H]methyltin chloride. 2.