A Scoping Review of Obstetrics and Gynecology Curricula in Primary Care Residency Programs.

Background: While Women's Health (WH) is a priority for primary care, (Family Medicine (FM), Internal Medicine (IM), Pediatrics (Peds), and combined Medicine/Pediatrics (Med/Peds)), residency curricula remain heterogeneous with deficits in graduates' WH expertise and skills. The overall objective of this study was to assess the quality of WH curricula at primary care residency programs in the United States (US), with a focus on topics in obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN).

Methods: PubMed®, ERIC, The Cochrane Library, MedEdPORTAL, and professional organization websites were systematically searched in 2019 and updated in 2021.

Return on Investment of Three-Year Accelerated Programs for Students, Medical Schools, Departments, and Community.

Building on the initial accelerated pathway programs in the 1970s to increase workforce, nearly 30 schools have launched accelerated 3-year pathways (A3YP) during the past decade. The authors based on their educational roles, experiences, and scholarship with A3YP provide this perspective of the argument for A3YP and potential disadvantages for each group-students, schools, residencies, departments, and community. When schools consider innovations, they might consider A3YPs for multiple reasons; this perspective helps provide justification for the program and broadly considers return on investment (ROI).

Voices of the accelerated: key themes when considering implementation of an accelerated medical school program.

In this rapid communication, accelerated undergraduate medical education is examined using prior literature as well as experiences of those who have completed or are in the process of completing accelerated medical curricula. The Consortium of Accelerated Medical Pathway Programs (CAMPP) hosts an annual multi-institutional conference for all its members. During the meeting in July 2023, a virtual panel was convened from multiple constituent programs ( = 4) including medical students ( = 2), resident physicians ( = 4), and faculty ( = 2).

Sarcoidosis: Evaluation and Treatment.

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous inflammatory disease of unknown etiology that can involve any organ. Ongoing dyspnea and dry cough in a young to middle-aged adult should increase the suspicion for sarcoidosis. Symptoms can present at any age and affect any organ system; however, pulmonary sarcoidosis is the most common.

Examining the surgical stress effects (SSE) framework in practice: A qualitative assessment of perceived sources and consequences of intraoperative stress in surgical teams.

Background: Surgical adverse events persist despite extensive improvement efforts. Emotional and behavioral responses to stressors may influence intraoperative performance, as illustrated in the surgical stress effects (SSE) framework. However, the SSE has not been assessed using "real world" data.

Parathyroid Disorders.

Parathyroid disorders are most often identified incidentally by abnormalities in serum calcium levels when screening for renal or bone disease or other conditions. Parathyroid hormone, which is released by the parathyroid glands primarily in response to low calcium levels, stimulates osteoclastic bone resorption and serum calcium elevation, reduces renal calcium clearance, and stimulates intestinal calcium absorption through synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Primary hyperparathyroidism, in which calcium levels are elevated without appropriate suppression of parathyroid hormone levels, is the most common cause of hypercalcemia and is often managed surgically.

Dermoscopy in Primary Care.

Dermoscopy is a noninvasive technique that allows in vivo magnification of the skin structures and helps in visualizing microscopic features that are imperceptible to the naked eye. Dermoscopy is not a substitute for biopsy and histopathologic evaluation, but is an important tool that can help increase diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of cutaneous lesions. Dermoscopy increases the diagnostic sensitivity compared with naked eye examination.

Journey to Transplant: Developing a social support network counselling intervention to improve kidney transplantation.

Context: Kidney transplant is superior to dialysis for the treatment of end-stage kidney disease, but accessing transplant requires high patient engagement to overcome barriers. We sought to develop an educational counselling intervention for patients along with their social support networks to help patients access the waiting list.

Methods: Utilizing an Intervention Mapping approach, we established a conceptual framework to develop a behavioural intervention that can be reproduced across kidney transplant centres.

A guide to the Tx of cellulitis and other soft-tissue infections.

Diagnostic and therapeutic priorities vary for the 8 types of infection reviewed.

Reactions to Recommendations and Evidence About Prostate Cancer Screening Among White and Black Male Veterans.

U.S. clinical guidelines recommend that prior to screening for prostate cancer with Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA), men should have an informed discussion about the potential benefits and harms of screening.

Identifying Needs and Barriers to Engage Family Members in Transplant Candidate Care.

Introduction: Friends and family members provide critical support to patients on the waitlist for deceased donor kidney transplantation. However, little is known about how best to support and engage them effectively to improve patient outcomes.

Methods: We conducted 5 focus groups with the family members of patients on the waitlist for a deceased donor kidney (n=23) to identify individual- and group-level targets for an intervention.

"It leaves me very skeptical" messaging in marketing prolonged exposure and cognitive processing therapy to veterans with PTSD.

Objective: Direct-to-consumer marketing has the potential to increase demand for specific treatments, but little is known about how to best market evidence-based psychotherapies to veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The objective of this study was to gain an understanding of marketing messages that may impact veteran demand for prolonged exposure (PE) and cognitive processing therapy (CPT).

Method: Veterans (n = 31) with full or subthreshold PTSD participated in semistructured interviews that queried attitudes about PTSD and recovery, current knowledge of PE and CPT, and reactions to existing educational materials.

Association of invitation to lung cancer screening and tobacco use outcomes in a VA demonstration project.

A potential unintended consequence of lung cancer screening (LCS) is an adverse effect on smoking behaviors. This has been difficult to assess in previous randomized clinical trials. Our goal was to determine whether cessation and relapse behaviors differ between Veterans directly invited (DI) to participate in LCS compared to usual care (UC).

Veterans Affairs Providers' Beliefs About the Contributors to and Responsibility for Reducing Racial and Ethnic Health Care Disparities.

Providers' beliefs about the causes of disparities and the entities responsible for addressing these disparities are important in designing disparity-reduction interventions aimed at providers. This secondary analysis of a larger study is aimed at evaluating perceptions of providers regarding the underlying causes of racial health care disparities and their views of who is responsible for reducing them. We surveyed 232 providers at 3 Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Centers.

Intraoperative Disruptive Behavior: The Medical Student's Perspective.

Objective: Intraoperative disruptive behavior can reduce psychological safety and hinder teamwork and communication. Medical students may provide unique insights into how to prevent these adverse impacts. We sought to characterize medical student perspectives on the causes and consequences of intraoperative disruptive behavior and ideal intraoperative working environments.

Decision support needs of kidney transplant candidates regarding the deceased donor waiting list: A qualitative study and conceptual framework.

Background: Kidney transplant candidates face complex decisions about transplant options such as living donation or acceptance of lower quality kidneys. We sought to characterize knowledge and decision support needs regarding kidney transplant outcomes and options.

Methods: We conducted 10 interviews and four focus groups of 28 adult kidney transplant candidates from two centers in Minnesota.

The Psychological Risk of Minimal Risk Activities: A Pre- and Posttest Study Using the Self-Assessment Manikin.

It is difficult to apply U.S. Federal Code of Regulation's criterion for "minimal risk," because benchmarks of minimal risk have not been quantified.

Communicating with providers about racial healthcare disparities: The role of providers' prior beliefs on their receptivity to different narrative frames.

Objective: Evaluate narratives aimed at motivating providers with different pre-existing beliefs to address racial healthcare disparities.

Methods: Survey experiment with 280 providers. Providers were classified as high or low in attributing disparities to providers (HPA versus LPA) and were randomly assigned to a non-narrative control or 1 of 2 narratives: "Provider Success" (provider successfully resolved problem involving Black patient) and "Provider Bias" (Black patient experienced racial bias, which remained unresolved).

Initial results of a lung cancer screening demonstration project: a local program evaluation.

Objectives: To describe participation rates, results, and lessons learned from a lung cancer screening (LCS) demonstration project.

Study Design: Prospective observational study at 1 of 8 centers participating in a national Veterans Health Administration LCS demonstration project.

Methods: An electronic health record (EHR) algorithm and tobacco pack-year (TPY) information prompt identified patients potentially eligible for LCS.