Hybrid optimization enabled DenseNet for autism spectrum disorders using MRI image.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the neuro-developmental disorder caused by various changes in the brain. It affects the life conditions with social interaction and communication. Most of the previous researches used the various techniques for the early detection to reduce the ASD, but it had been occurred several complications such as, time expenses, and low accessibility for diagnosis.

Therapeutic manipulation of the microbiome in liver disease.

Myriad associations between the microbiome and various facets of liver physiology and pathology have been described in the literature. Building on descriptive and correlative sequencing studies, metagenomic studies are expanding our collective understanding of the functional and mechanistic role of the microbiome as mediators of the gut-liver axis. Based on these mechanisms, the functional activity of the microbiome represents an attractive, tractable, and precision medicine therapeutic target in several liver diseases.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors mitigate the neuropathogenicity of or its remnants .

In previous studies, we showed that fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) contribute to inflammatory mediator output from primary rhesus microglia in response to live . We also demonstrated that non-viable can be as pathogenic as live bacteria, if not more so, in both CNS and PNS tissues. In this study we assessed the effect of live and non-viable in inducing FGFR expression from rhesus frontal cortex (FC) and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) tissue explants as well as their neuronal/astrocyte localization.

Macrophage RAGE activation is proinflammatory in NASH.

Intrahepatic macrophages in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are heterogenous and include proinflammatory recruited monocyte-derived macrophages. The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is expressed on macrophages and can be activated by damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) upregulated in NASH, yet the role of macrophage-specific RAGE signaling in NASH is unclear. Therefore, we hypothesized that RAGE-expressing macrophages are proinflammatory and mediate liver inflammation in NASH.

Extracellular Vesicles in Hepatobiliary Health and Disease.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound nanoparticles released by cells and are an important means of intercellular communication in physiological and pathological states. We provide an overview of recent advances in the understanding of EV biogenesis, cargo selection, recipient cell effects, and key considerations in isolation and characterization techniques. Studies on the physiological role of EVs have relied on cell-based model systems due to technical limitations of studying endogenous nanoparticles in vivo .

Brownian dynamics simulations of telechelic polymer - latex suspensions under steady shear.

We carry out coarse-grained Brownian dynamics simulations of shearing flow of a colloidal suspension bridged by telechelic polymers with "sticky" end groups and vary sticker strength over a range from 3 to 12 in units of , motivated by an interest in simulating the rheology of latex paints. The most extensive results are obtained for dumbbells, but the trends are confirmed for 3-bead trumbbells and chains of up to 11 beads. The numbers of colloids and of polymers are also varied over a wide range to confirm trends established for smaller, more computationally affordable, systems.

The FGF/FGFR system in the microglial neuroinflammation with Borrelia burgdorferi: likely intersectionality with other neurological conditions.

Background: Lyme neuroborreliosis, caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi affects both the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS, PNS). The CNS manifestations, especially at later stages, can mimic/cause many other neurological conditions including psychiatric disorders, dementia, and others, with a likely neuroinflammatory basis. The pathogenic mechanisms associated with Lyme neuroborreliosis, however, are not fully understood.

High resolution DLP stereolithography to fabricate biocompatible hydroxyapatite structures that support osteogenesis.

Lithography based additive manufacturing techniques, specifically digital light processing (DLP), are considered innovative manufacturing techniques for orthopaedic implants because of their potential for construction of complex geometries using polymers, metals, and ceramics. Hydroxyapatite (HA) coupons, printed using DLP, were evaluated for biological performance in supporting viability, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of the human cell line U2OS and human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) up to 35 days in culture to determine feasibility for future use in development of complex scaffold geometries. Contact angle, profilometry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements showed the HA coupons to be hydrophilic, porous, and having micro size surface roughness, all within favourable cell culture ranges.

Assessment of Lipotoxic Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH).

Hepatocyte lipotoxicity is a hallmark of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and lipid induced liver injury occurs, in part, via activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Consequently, the unfolded protein response (UPR) is initiated, driven by three key ER transmembrane proteins, resulting in downstream responses that are dynamic and interconnected. Thus, careful interrogation of these pathways is required to investigate the complex role of ER stress in NASH.

Neuropathogenicity of non-viable Borrelia burgdorferi ex vivo.

Even after appropriate treatment, a proportion of Lyme disease patients suffer from a constellation of symptoms, collectively called Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome (PTLDS). Brain PET scan of patients with PTLDS have demonstrated likely glial activation indicating persistent neuroinflammatory processes. It is possible that unresolved bacterial remnants can continue to cause neuroinflammation.

Intraoperative Monitoring of Spinal Cord Perfusion using Ultrasound in an Ovine Model.

Ultrasound imaging can be used to visualize the spinal cord and assess localized cord perfusion. We present in vivo data in an ovine model undergoing spinal cord stimulation and propose development of transcutaneous US imaging as a potential non-invasive imaging modality in spinal cord injury.Clinical Relevance- Ultrasound imaging can be used to aid in prognosis and diagnosis by providing qualitative and quantitative characterization of the spinal cord.

Circulating extracellular vesicles are a biomarker for NAFLD resolution and response to weight loss surgery.

There is increasing interest in the development of minimally invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of NAFLD via extracellular vesicles (EV). Plasma EVs were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation and quantified by nanoparticle tracking analysis from pre (n = 28) and post (n = 28) weight loss patients. In the pre weight loss group 22 had NAFLD.

Hepatic steatosis and steatohepatitis: a functional meta-analysis of sex-based differences in transcriptomic studies.

Background: Previous studies have described sex-based differences in the epidemiological and clinical patterns of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, we understand relatively little regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms. Herein, we present the first systematic review and meta-analysis of NAFLD transcriptomic studies to identify sex-based differences in the molecular mechanisms involved during the steatosis (NAFL) and steatohepatitis (NASH) stages of the disease.

Methods: Transcriptomic studies in the Gene Expression Omnibus database were systematically reviewed following the PRISMA statement guidelines.