Expert Opinion About the Pharmacoeconomic Edge of Low-Cost Dapagliflozin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Indian Clinical Settings.

Background This study aimed to understand the attitudes, beliefs, and concerns of physicians across India regarding the economic burden of diabetes and subsequently the cost-effectiveness of low-cost dapagliflozin for the management of patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on background metformin therapy in Indian clinical settings. Method A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among physicians treating people with T2DM with or without complications. The questions covered the general aspects of affordability and adherence to diabetes medications as well as specific details of low-cost dapagliflozin and its cost-effectiveness.

Competitive adsorption of multicomponent volatile organic compounds on biochar.

Crude oil contaminated lands are recognised to have significant contributions to airborne volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with adverse effects on human health and tropospheric ozone. Soil capping systems for controlling harmful emissions are critical engineering solutions where advanced soil remediation techniques are neither available nor feasible. Studies on the adsorption of single VOC species in biochar have shown promising results as a potential capping material; however, current understanding of mixed gas system and multi-component adsorption of VOCs on biochar which would represent more realistic in situ conditions is very limited.

Sorption behaviour of xylene isomers on biochar from a range of feedstock.

Inland oil spillage is one of the widespread sources of crude oil volatile organic compound emissions (CVEs) for which the long-term remedial solutions are often complex and expensive. This paper investigates the potential of a low-cost containment solution for contaminated solids by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using biochar. The results of an extensive experimental investigation are presented on the sorption kinetics of xylene isomers (one type of the most frequently detected CVEs) on commercial biochar produced by prevalent feedstocks (wheat, corn, rice and rape straw as well as hardwood) at affordable temperatures (300-500°C).

Emissions of volatile organic compounds from crude oil processing - Global emission inventory and environmental release.

Airborne Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are known to have strong and adverse impacts on human health and the environment by contributing to the formation of tropospheric ozone. VOCs can escape during various stages of crude oil processing, from extraction to refinery, hence the crude oil industry is recognised as one of the major sources of VOC release into the environment. In the last few decades, volatile emissions from crude oil have been investigated either directly by means of laboratory and field-based analyses, or indirectly via emission inventories (EIs) which have been used to develop regulatory and controlling measures in the petroleum industry.

Enhancing the Hydrophilicity and Cell Attachment of 3D Printed PCL/Graphene Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering.

Scaffolds are physical substrates for cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation, ultimately leading to the regeneration of tissues. They must be designed according to specific biomechanical requirements, i.e.

Computational fluid dynamics in the microcirculation and microfluidics: what role can the lattice Boltzmann method play?

Patient-specific simulations, efficient parametric analyses, and the study of complex processes that are otherwise experimentally intractable are facilitated through the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to study biological flows. This review discusses various CFD methodologies that have been applied across different biological scales, from cell to organ level. Through this discussion the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is highlighted as an emerging technique capable of efficiently simulating fluid problems across the midrange of scales; providing a practical analytical tool compared to methods more attuned to the extremities of scale.

Computational hemodynamics of abdominal aortic aneurysms: Three-dimensional ultrasound versus computed tomography.

The current criterion for surgical intervention in abdominal aortic aneurysms, based upon a maximal aortic diameter, is considered conservative due to the high mortality rate in case of rupture. The research community is actively investigating the use of computational mechanics tools combined with patient-specific imaging to help identify more accurate criteria. Widespread uptake of a successful metric will however be limited by the need for computed tomography, which is at present the primary image extraction method on account of the location and complex shape of the aneurysms.

Application of a lattice Boltzmann-immersed boundary method for fluid-filament dynamics and flow sensing.

Complex fluid-structure interactions between elastic filaments, or cilia, immersed in viscous flows are commonplace in nature and bear important roles. Some biological systems have evolved to interpret flow-induced motion into signals for the purpose of feedback response. Given the challenges associated with extracting meaningful experimental data at this scale, there has been particular focus on the numerical study of these effects.

Skin equivalent tensional force alters keloid fibroblast behavior and phenotype.

Skin tension may influence keloid scar behavior, development, and spreading, e.g., butterfly-shaped keloid disease in the sternum.

Up-regulation of tension-related proteins in keloids: knockdown of Hsp27, α2β1-integrin, and PAI-2 shows convincing reduction of extracellular matrix production.

Background: Keloid disease is a fibroproliferative disorder, with an ill-defined treatment that is characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition. Mechanical tension promotes deposition of extracellular matrix and overexpression of tension-related proteins, which is associated with keloid disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tension-related proteins on extracellular matrix steady-state synthesis in primary keloid fibroblasts.

Optimization of the position of the acetabulum in a ganz periacetabular osteotomy by finite element analysis.

Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is a surgical procedure to correct acetabular orientation in developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). It changes the position of the acetabulum to increase femoral head coverage and distribute the contact pressure over the cartilage surface. The success of PAO depends significantly on the surgeon's experience.

Differential cytotoxic response in keloid fibroblasts exposed to photodynamic therapy is dependent on photosensitiser precursor, fluence and location of fibroblasts within the lesion.

Treatment of keloid disease (KD) is ill-defined and remains challenging. We previously reported successful clinical application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in KD. The aim here was to evaluate cytotoxic effect of PDT using methyl aminolevulinate (M-ALA) and 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) on keloid fibroblasts (KF) (n = 8) from different lesional sites (top, middle and margin) as compared to normal skin fibroblasts (n = 3).

Changes in the stress in the femoral head neck junction after osteochondroplasty for hip impingement: a finite element study.

The surgical treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) often involves femoral osteochondroplasty. One risk of this procedure is fracture of the femoral neck. We developed a finite element (FE) model to investigate the relationship between depth of resection and femoral neck stress.