Field Exploration for Colony Selection: Evaluating Hygienic Behavior in Colonies.

Hygienic behavior (HB) emerges as a pivotal trait, impacting colony resistance to diseases. This study aimed to understand the behavioral traits of colonies, with a focus on HB and other key characteristics crucial for colony health, and to screen and identify colonies with superior hygienic behavior and better performance to combat prevailing diseases and pests. This research spans a comprehensive field analysis with different seasons and locations, encompassing the distinct environmental and management factors that influence honey bee behavior.

Comparative Safety Surveillance of Triple (IDA) Versus Dual Therapy (DA) in Mass Drug Administration for Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis in Kenya: A Cohort Event Monitoring Study.

Introduction: Dual diethylcarbamazine and albendazole (DA) therapy is the standard mass drug administration (MDA) regimen for lymphatic filariasis in Kenya. Following the recent World Health Organization recommendation, Kenya piloted triple therapy with ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine, and albendazole (IDA) in MDA.

Objective: We conducted a community-based, observational, cohort event monitoring study to compare the types, frequency, severity, and predictors of adverse events following dual versus triple therapy in 20,421 eligible residents.

Impact of educational interventions on utilization patterns of anticancer agents in patients with breast cancer at the specialty oncology care setting in South India.

Aims/objectives: This study was conducted to assess the utilization patterns of anticancer agents in patients with breast cancer and to provide practice recommendations/educational interventions to optimize medication use in patients with breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: This was an ambispective study conducted for a period of 3 years at a private, specialty oncology care hospital in South India. In the initial phase, the selection of anticancer agents, dosage of anticancer agents, and management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) were reviewed retrospectively (using paper medical records) with respect to the National Cancer Comprehensive Network guidelines.

Impact of educational intervention on the best immunization practices among practicing health care professionals in a south Indian city.

Background And Aims: Maintaining the quality and safety of immunization is as important as the efficacy of vaccines in vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD) programs. The aim of this study was to determine the problems associated with different stages of vaccine use and to assess the outcome of an educational intervention on safety and quality use of vaccines among health care providers.

Methods: A pilot prospective interventional study was conducted over a period of 2 years at 271 sites in Mysuru, India.

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Cost Burden of Fall-Related Hospital Admissions in india.

To assess prevalence, risk factors, and cost burden of fall-related hospital admissions among older people in India. Previous studies conducted in India have not focused on the number of fall-related hospital admissions.
A prospective observational study was carried out over 12 months.

What Future Healthcare Professionals Need to Know About Pharmacovigilance: Introduction of the WHO PV Core Curriculum for University Teaching with Focus on Clinical Aspects.

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) can cause serious health problems, as shown in studies about drug-related hospitalizations. To build knowledge of and raise awareness about ADRs among healthcare professionals, more education in the field of ADRs and pharmacovigilance (PV) is needed. No standard exists for teaching PV at universities for medical, pharmacy, dentistry and nursing students, so a core curriculum needs to be developed to teach important aspects of PV to students.

A Prospective Surveillance of Pharmacovigilance of Psychotropic Medicines in a Developing Country.

Aims/objectives: Psychotropic drugs are associated with significant short-term and long-term safety issues which may affect patients' mental health, physical health and cost of care.

Experimental Designs: This was a prospective study conducted in psychiatry department of a tertiary care hospital. Study included patients of any age and either sex who presented with psychiatric illness as diagnosed by ICD-10 and were receiving at least one psychotropic agent.

Incidence and factors associated with medication nonadherence in patients with mental illness: a cross-sectional study.

Background: In spite of the progress made in the treatment of psychiatric disorders during the last few decades, nonadherence continues to be a frequent phenomenon, often associated with potentially severe clinical consequences and increased health-care costs. There are numerous factors associated with medication nonadherence in patients with mental illness. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence and factors associated with medication nonadherence among psychiatric outpatients.

Impact of antidepressants use on risk of myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: The aim of the study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the association between antidepressants use and risk of myocardial infarction (MI), and whether this association differs between tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs).

Methods: A PubMed/MEDLINE search was conducted for studies published up to December 2013. Included studies were evaluated for publication bias and heterogeneity.

An adverse drug interaction of haloperidol with levodopa.

Drug interactions are known to play a significant role in the incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) both in the community and in hospitals. Both the newer atypical antipsychotics and their more traditional counterparts are subject to drug - drug interactions amongst themselves, with other psychotropics, and with the agents used in the treatment of various physical ailments. The most common interactions encountered in clinical practice are pharmacodynamic in nature.

Identification and management of adverse effects of antipsychotics in a tertiary care teaching hospital.

Objective: Antipsychotics have revolutionized psychiatry by allowing significant numbers of patients in long-term hospital settings to be discharged and successfully maintained in the community. However, these medications are also associated with a range of adverse events ranging from mostly annoying to rarely dangerous. This study is carried out to identify the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to antipsychotics and its management in psychiatric patients.

Lorazepam-induced diplopia.

Diplopia - seeing double - is a symptom with many potential causes, both neurological and ophthalmological. Benzodiazepine induced ocular side-effects are rarely reported. Lorazepam is one of the commonly used benzodiazepine in psychiatric practice.

The effect of gabapentin premedication on postoperative nausea, vomiting, and pain in patients on preoperative dexamethasone undergoing craniotomy for intracranial tumors.

Background: In patients undergoing craniotomy, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is 55% to 70% and that of moderate to severe postoperative pain is 60% to 84%. We hypothesized that gabapentin plus dexamethasone would be superior, compared with placebo and dexamethasone in reducing the incidences of PONV and pain after craniotomy.

Methods: Patients undergoing craniotomy received either placebo (group D) or gabapentin (600 mg) (group GD) premedication orally, 2 hours before induction of anesthesia.

Acute coronary syndrome in HIV patients: from pathophysiology to clinical practice.

A majority of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected subjects in developed countries have access to highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART), which is associated with significantly improved long term survival. In this setting, clinical attention needs to be focused on the impact of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), which already represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. While the higher prevalence of traditional risk factors remains the main culprit of increased CVD risk, HIV infection itself and antiretroviral toxicity are confounding proatherogenic factors.

Health-related quality of life assessment using St. George's respiratory questionnaire in asthmatics on inhaled corticosteroids.

Context: Chronic diseases like asthma have significant effects on patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). HRQoL measures additional indices as compared to objective measurements like spirometry.

Aims: To assess and compare disease-specific quality of life in asthma patients using St.

Potentially inappropriate medication use in Indian elderly: comparison of Beers' criteria and Screening Tool of Older Persons' potentially inappropriate Prescriptions.

Aim: To compare Beers' criteria (BC) and Screening Tool of Older Persons' potentially inappropriate Prescriptions (STOPP) for prevalence, specificity, sensitivity and predictors for potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use.

Methods: Patients aged ≥ 60 years from medicine wards of a tertiary care hospital were included. Comparisons between BC and STOPP were made using Pearson's χ(2) -test for categorical variables and Mann-Whitney U-test for continuous variables.

Frequency and nature of adverse drug reactions in elderly in-patients of two Indian medical college hospitals.

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a major public health problem in the elderly. Although the Indian elderly represent 12.8% of the entire global elderly population, data on prevalence and predictors of ADRs in elderly Indians is extremely limited.

Prevalence of medication-related problems among patients with renal compromise in an Indian hospital.

What Is Known And Objective: Patients suffering from renal dysfunction often have multiple medical conditions either as a cause or as a consequence of their renal disease. These patients receive an average of 10-12 medications daily leading to complex dosing schedules and are more likely to develop medication-related problems (MRPs). The objectives of this study were to determine the nature and extent of MRPs in renally compromised patients and to explore the potential clinical significance of the MRPs.

Ketamine has no effect on oxygenation indices following elective coronary artery bypass grafting under cardiopulmonary bypass.

Cardiopulmonary bypass is known to elicit systemic inflammatory response syndrome and organ dysfunction. This can result in pulmonary dysfunction and deterioration of oxygenation after cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass. Previous studies have reported varying results on anti-inflammatory strategies and oxygenation after cardiopulmonary bypass.

Potentially inappropriate medication use in elderly patients: a study of prevalence and predictors in two teaching hospitals.

Background: Geriatrics is an emerging clinical specialty in India. Information about the appropriateness of prescription medication use among the elderly in India is limited.

Aims: To determine the prevalence and predictors of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use, and assess the relationship between PIM use and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in the hospitalized elderly.

Prescribing patterns and predictors of high-level polypharmacy in the elderly population: A prospective surveillance study from two teaching hospitals in India.

Background: Polypharmacy has been reported to increase the risks for inappropriate prescribing, adverse drug reactions, geriatric syndromes, and morbidity and mortality in elderly populations in the United States and Europe. Data on prescribing patterns and polypharmacy in the elderly population in India are limited.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to assess prescribing patterns and to determine the predictors of high-level polypharmacy in the elderly population in 2 tertiary care hospitals in India.