Alternate wetting and drying water management can reduce phosphorus availability under lowland rice cultivation irrespective of nitrogen level.

The limited availability of phosphorus (P) in the soil, which is affected by soil moisture, has a significant impact on crop production. However, we still do not fully understand how water management and nitrogen (N) addition affect the availability of P in paddy soil. An evaluation of the effects of two water management strategies that is continuous flooding (CF) and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation along with various nitrogenous fertilizer addition rates (equivalent to 0, 100%, 133%, and 166% recommended dose of N addition) on P availability in paddy soil took place over the course of a 2-year field experiment.

Significant reduction of carbon stocks and changes of ecosystem service valuation of Indian Sundarban.

The Sundarban mangrove or tidal influenced natural ecosystem is extremely productive and providing multiple goods and services to millions of people. In the last few decades, the quality and quantity of mangrove ecosystem are being deteriorated. The main objectives of this current research are (i) to investigate the ecosystem service values (ESVs) using a time series satellite data (1975, 2000 and 2020) and different unit values (ii) to analyze the dynamic pattern of carbon sequestration through InVEST model and (iii) determination of ESVs change hotspots by Getis-Ord Gi method.

Effects of COVID-19 lockdown and unlock on the health of tropical large river with associated human health risk.

River Damodar (India) is one of the most significant tropical large rivers and this river is carrying predominantly industrial effluents, urban sewage, and non-degradable chemical agricultural fertilizers. Several industries, cities, and townships directly depend on this important river throughout the year. It is highly essential to evaluate its surface water quality, characteristics, and improvement status during the COVID-19 lockdown and unlock phases.

Positive effects of COVID-19 lockdown on river water quality: evidence from River Damodar, India.

The global economic activities were completely stopped during COVID-19 lockdown and continuous lockdown partially brought some positive effects for the health of the total environment. The multiple industries, cities, towns and rural people are completely depending on large tropical river Damodar (India) but in the last few decades the quality of the river water is being significantly deteriorated. The present study attempts to investigate the river water quality (RWQ) particularly for pre- lockdown, lockdown and unlock period.

Assessment of non-carcinogenic health risk of heavy metal pollution: evidences from coal mining region of eastern India.

Various developmental projects and economic actions such as mining, industries, urban expansion, and agricultural activities contribute toxic heavy metals into the soils and it adversely affects to human health and broadly the environment. For the scientific study (coal mining region of Eastern India) around 120 soil samples were collected from top (0 - 20 cm) and subsurface soil (20 - 50 cm) of coal mining, semi mining and non mining type of land use sites to assess ten heavy metals applying standard methods and indices for the assessment of pollution load and human health risk. Statistical analysis clearly indicated that Fe, Mn, Zr are the most dominantly distributed in the study region.

Eco-restoration of river water quality during COVID-19 lockdown in the industrial belt of eastern India.

The sudden lockdown recovers the health of the total environment particularly air and water while the country's economic growth and socio-cultural tempo of people have been completely hampered due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of the industries within the catchment area of river Damodar have been closed; as a result, significant changes have been reflected throughout the stretch of river Damodar. The main objective of the study is to analyze the impact of lockdown on the water quality of river Damodar.

Cleaning the river Damodar (India): impact of COVID-19 lockdown on water quality and future rejuvenation strategies.

Globally, it is established that the partial lockdown system assists to improve the health of the total environment due to inadequate anthropogenic actions in different economic sectors. The ample research on fitness of environment has been proved that the strict imposition of lockdown was the blessings of environment. The river Damodar has historical significance and lifeline for huge population of Jharkhand and West Bengal state of India but in the recent years the water quality has been deteriorated due to untreated industrial effluents and urban sewage.

Land use and land cover dynamics with special emphasis on shifting cultivation in Eastern Ghats Highlands of India using remote sensing data and GIS.

Continual, historical, and accurate information about the land use/land cover (LULC) changes of the earth's surface is extremely important for sustainable management of natural resources. In this study, historical topographic sheets, IRS P6 LISS-III, and LANDSAT TM images were used to provide recent and historical LULC conditions of the Eastern Ghats Highlands of east India. The supervised classification results were further improved by employing image enhancement and visual interpretation.

Indicator and probability kriging methods for delineating Cu, Fe, and Mn contamination in groundwater of Najafgarh Block, Delhi, India.

Two non-parametric kriging methods such as indicator kriging and probability kriging were compared and used to estimate the probability of concentrations of Cu, Fe, and Mn higher than a threshold value in groundwater. In indicator kriging, experimental semivariogram values were fitted well in spherical model for Fe and Mn. Exponential model was found to be best for all the metals in probability kriging and for Cu in indicator kriging.

Assessment of groundwater pollution in West Delhi, India using geostatistical approach.

The exploration, exploitation, and unscientific management of groundwater resources in the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi, India have posed a serious threat of reduction in quantity and deterioration of quality. The objective of the study is to determine the groundwater quality and to assess the risk of groundwater pollution at Najafgarh, NCT of Delhi. The groundwater quality parameters were analyzed from the existing wells of the Najafgarh and the thematic maps were generated using geostatistical concepts.

Statistical approaches for hydrogeochemical characterization of groundwater in West Delhi, India.

Parametric statistical approaches, correlations and multiple linear regressions were used to develop models for the interpretation of hydrogeochemical parameters in the Western part of Delhi state, India. The hydrogeochemical parameters indicated that the groundwater quality is not safe for consumption. The water is moderately saline and the salinity level is increasing over time.