Effect of sodium metabisulphite on bronchial blood flow in conscious sheep: pharmacological modulation.

1. Sodium metabisulphite (MBS) can induce bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma. We investigated the effects of MBS aerosol on bronchial blood velocity (Vbr) and pulmonary resistance in intubated conscious sheep.

High and low surgical procedure rates in census divisions across Canada.

This paper identifies outliers (unusually high or low values) among rates of 39 surgical procedures in 255 Canadian census divisions. Surgery rates for the two-year period from April 1988 through March 1990 were standardized for age and sex, and then "normalized" to adjust for differences in census division population sizes. Among the 39 procedures, a total of 402 outlying census division rates were found, of which 48 were deemed to be very high, 254 high, 79 low, and 21 very low.

Bronchial vasodilation by histamine in sheep: characterization of receptor subtype.

Histamine has been shown to mediate features of pulmonary allergic reactions including increased tracheobronchial blood flow. To determine whether the increase in blood flow was due to stimulation of H1- or H2-histamine receptors, we gave histamine base (0.1 micrograms/kg iv) or histamine dihydrochloride as an aerosol (10 breaths of 0.

Bond selectivity in silicon film growth.

Hydrogen atoms can selectively eliminate strained bonds that form during the growth of amorphous silicon films. By periodically interrupting the growth and exposing the grown material to hydrogen, the film composition can be varied continuously from a non-equilibrium amorphous structure to that of a crystalline solid. Furthermore, by tuning the hydrogen exposure it is possible to discriminate between Si-Si bonds formed on different substrates, thereby allowing substrate-selective growth.

Peptide mediator effects on bronchial blood velocity and lung resistance in conscious sheep.

Peptide mediators or neuropeptides released from sensory nerves may induce inflammatory effects in airways, but their effects on airway blood velocity and lung resistance have not been previously studied simultaneously in awake animals. Nine adult sheep were chronically prepared for continuous measurement of blood flow velocity to the distal trachea and bronchi by surgical implantation of a 20-MHz pulsed Doppler flow probe on the common bronchial branch of the bronchoesophageal artery. Awake restrained animals were intubated and connected to a pneumotachograph to measure resistance to airflow across the lung (RL).

Pulmonary C-fiber stimulation by capsaicin evokes reflex cholinergic bronchial vasodilation in sheep.

We investigated changes in bronchial blood flow (Qbr) associated with capsaicin-induced stimulation of pulmonary C-fibers in seven anesthetized and two unanesthetized sheep. A Doppler flow probe chronically implanted around the common bronchial artery provided a signal (delta F, kHz) linearly related to bronchial arterial blood velocity (Vbr, cm/s), which was proportional to Qbr. An index of bronchial vascular conductance (Cbr, in arbitrary units) was calculated as the ratio of Vbr to systemic arterial pressure (Pa).

Characterisation of an antigenically unusual virus responsible for two outbreaks of Newcastle disease in the Republic of Ireland in 1990.

Antigenic characterisation of two highly virulent virus isolates from outbreaks of Newcastle disease on two closely connected farms in County Monaghan, Republic of Ireland, in 1990 showed the viruses to be indistinguishable but unlike other Newcastle disease viruses so far tested. However, they appeared to be antigenically closest to avirulent viruses isolated from waterfowl from several countries and from chickens in Northern Ireland in 1986. Despite the antigenic differences, chickens vaccinated with a live commercial Hitchner B1 vaccine were protected against intramuscular challenge with one of the virulent isolates.

Treatment of proximal deep-vein thrombosis using subcutaneously administered calcium heparin: comparison with intravenous sodium heparin.

In a prospective, randomized clinical trial we compared the efficacy of subcutaneously (SC) administered (every 8 h) calcium heparin to intravenous (IV) sodium heparin in the treatment of proximal deep-vein thrombosis (DVT). A secondary objective was to give enough heparin to achieve a therapeutic anticoagulant effect by the end of the first 24 h. Five of 36 patients (14%) in the SC heparin group failed to achieve a therapeutic anticoagulant effect by the end of the first 24 h compared to 2 of 23 patients (9%) in the IV group (p = NS; 95% CI for true difference = -11.

A decade of ophthalmic statistics in Papua New Guinea.

This review is a composite of quarterly reports from an ophthalmologist's clinic in Madang over a ten-year period. The aim was to encompass ophthalmological practice in this situation quantitatively and qualitatively. It reflects, in the author's opinion, the state of ophthalmological services at present offered including ancillary services, and comments are made on some of the pathology encountered and surgery performed.

Laser Doppler velocimetry of tracheal blood flow in sheep.

A laser-Doppler velocimetry (LDV) apparatus was adapted to assess sheep airway blood flow. The LDV signal obtained was compared to microsphere determinations of blood flow to tracheal tissues utilizing 15 microns radioactive microspheres injected before and after intubation and anesthesia, during hemorrhagic hypotension, and after reinfusion-resuscitation. During hemorrhagic hypotension, airway wall blood flow decreased to 16% of control by the microsphere method and to 30% by LDV.

Prevalence of hepatitis C in tropical communities: the importance of confirmatory assays.

The prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV) was estimated in 3 tropical populations using 2 screening ELISAs to detect antibody to the c100-3 antigen and 2 supplementary assays designed to test the specificity of these tests. Two hundred and eighty-six of 385 (74.2%) sera from Kiribati, 17 of 138 (12.

Acute ozone exposure increases bronchial blood flow in conscious sheep.

This study was initiated to determine the effects of ozone (O3) on sheep airway blood flow. Twenty-three nasally intubated sheep were exposed to filtered air (n = 5), 1 ppm O3 (n = 4), 2 ppm O3 (n = 5), 3 ppm O3 (n = 5), and 4 ppm O3 (n = 4) for 3 h. Bronchial artery flow (Qbr) was measured using a chronically implanted 20 MHz pulsed Doppler flow probe.

Tracheal blood flow during spontaneous and mechanical ventilation of dry gases in sheep.

Tracheal blood flow increases greater than twofold in response to eucapnic hyperventilation of dry gas in anesthetized sheep. To determine whether this occurs at normal minute ventilation, we studied sheep in which tracheal blood flow was measured in response to humid and dry gas ventilation while 1) awake and spontaneously breathing and 2) anesthetized and intubated during isocapnic mechanical ventilation. In additional sheep, three tracheal mucosal temperatures were measured during humid and dry gas mechanical ventilation to measure airway tissue cooling.

Airway blood flow response to eucapnic dry air hyperventilation in sheep.

Eucapnic hyperventilation, breathing dry air, produces a two- to fivefold increase in airway blood flow in the dog. To determine whether airway blood flow responds similarly in the sheep we studied 16 anesthetized sheep. Seven sheep (1-7) were subjected to two 30-min periods of eucapnic hyperventilation breathing 1) warm humid air [100% relative humidity (rh)] followed by 2) warm dry air [0% rh] at 40 breaths/min.

Pathogenicity of PMV-3/Turkey/England/Midland poultry holdings/1981 for chickens and turkeys.

The original 1981 English isolate of avian paramyxovirus type 3 from turkeys was of higher pathogenicity to chickens than the prototype 1968 isolate turkey/Wisconsin. It was lethal to chicks aged one day when given by intravenous or intracerebral inoculation. The age susceptibility was increased to one week by use of an inbred strain or betamethasone.

Performance of a DNA Probe-Based Salmonella Test in the AACC Check Sample Program.

The performance of the GENE-TRAK Salmonella assay in food as been evaluated with samples of flour or flour based bakery mix provided by the American Association of Cereal Chemists (AACC) check sample program. Six pairs of coded samples were tested from November 1986 through September 1987. The test correctly identified all six positive and six negative samples.

Orbital wall and volume relationships.

Assuming that intraorbital volume is a space defined by the orbital walls, and that intraorbital contents represent a space occupied by soft tissues, changes between volume and contents will result in movement of the globe in usually a forward (exophthalmic) or backward (enophthalmic) direction. An understanding of the phenomenon is important if the clinician is to judge the effects of traumatic displacement of an orbital wall on globe positions and if the clinician is to design a reconstructive procedure to correct these changes. To study such relationships, we have designed physical models based on measurements of five dry human skulls.