n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Are Associated with Stable Nitric Oxide Metabolites in Highly Trained Athletes.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between levels of n-3 essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) and stable nitric oxide (NO) metabolites in the plasma of athletes.

Methods: Highly trained cross-country skiers (males, = 39) were examined. The fatty acid profile of the total plasma lipids was determined by gas chromatography.

Lactate thresholds and role of nitric oxide in male rats performing a test with forced swimming to exhaustion.

The present study assessed a complex of biochemical parameters at the anaerobic threshold (AT) in untrained male Wistar rats with different times to exhaustion (T ) from swimming. The first group of rats was randomly divided into six subgroups and subjected to a swimming test to exhaustion without a load or with a load of 2%-10% of body weight (BW). In the first group, we established that for untrained rats, the load of 4% BW in the swimming to exhaustion test was optimal for endurance assessment in comparison with other loads.

Features of Metabolic Support of Physical Performance in Highly Trained Cross-Country Skiers of Different Qualifications during Physical Activity at Maximum Load.

The purpose of our study was to identify the features of metabolic regulation in highly trained cross-country skiers of different qualifications at different stages of the maximum load test. We examined 124 highly trained cross-country skiers (male, ages 17-24). The group consisted of two subgroups based on their competition performance: 61 nonelite athletes (Group I) and 63 elite athletes (group II), who were current members of the national team of the Komi Republic and Russia.

Nitric Oxide Production in Professional Skiers During Physical Activity at Maximum Load.

The purpose of this study is to assess the production of nitric oxide in professional cross-country skiers with normotensive and hypertensive responses to physical activity at maximum load. The observation group included professional cross-country skiers (22.2 ± 7.

[The dynamics of pulse rate and biochemical parameters in blood of healthy individuals in relation to Pc5-6 geomagnetic pulsations].

Four experiments on long-term monitoring of pulse rate and blood biochemical parameters in four healthy volunteers (women) were conducted. The duration of each experiment was 90 minutes, electrocardiography was performed continuously, taking blood sampling every two minutes. In venous blood the current concentrations of triiodothyronine, cortisol, glucose, stable metabolites of nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) were determined.

[Functional indices of the participants of the satellite experiments of the "Mars-500" project in the north of Russia in different seasons of a year].

17 male northerners participating in the satellite experiments of the '"Mars-500" project passed through the morphological, physiometric, psychological and biochemical studies. The prenosological health indices in different seasons were calculated using the hardware-software complex "Ecosan-2007". Seasonal sinusoidal fluctuations were detected for the thermoregulation (body and skin temperature), lipids metabolism (cholesterol, HDL and LDL levels in the blood), circulation regulation under physical exercise (the increase of "double product" and its recovery time).

[Effects of acute normobaric hypoxia on free plasma amino acids metabolism in humans].

We demonstrated significant changes in levels of several plasma free amino acids--proline, hydroxyproline, glycine, and phenylalanine--in healthy volunteers in response to severe acute normobaric hypoxia (breathing nitrogen-oxygen mixture with 9% of O2). We assume that demonstrated an increase of free proline, hydroxyproline, and glycine in plasma in the 10th minute of hypoxia was caused by increased collagenolysis due to hypoxic activation of matrix metalloproteinases. Significantly increased levels of free phenylalanine in the 10th and 20th minutes of hypoxia were the consequences of autophagy activation.

Features of selenium metabolism in humans living under the conditions of North European Russia.

Purpose: Selenium supplementation and its effects on Northerners have been little studied. The aim of our study was to assess the selenium levels of the inhabitants of North European Russia, the seasonal aspects of selenium supplementation, and the interrelationships between selenium levels and the levels of thyroid gland hormones.

Methods: To study the particular features of selenium metabolism in Northerners over the course of 1 year, 19 healthy male Caucasian volunteers (18-21 years old) were recruited for the present study.

[Influence of latitude factor on organism of adolescences residing on North].

Complex investigations of adolescences (14-15 years) residing on the European North at 62 and 65 degrees latitudes have been carried out. It was shown that the latitude factor on the North affected on mature organism of adolescences already at a difference of residence place on 3 degrees. The decrease of tolerance to hypoxemia, quality of hemodynamic regulation at short-term physical activity, physical health level, nervous processes rate (switching of attention) and the increase of plasma lactate level (attribute of hypoxia) were shown in adolescences residing at higher latitudes.

[Serum glucose level in acute severe hypoxia in human at rest].

Study of the effects of acute normobaric hypoxia was performed on a group of young healthy males (age 19-23, n = 10). Conditions of acute normobaric hypoxia were modeled by using oxygen-nitrogen mixture containing 8% of oxygen as a breath gas. That level of oxygen corresponds with its partial pressure at 7000 meters above sea level.

[Fatty acid of human plasma under the influence of acute strong normobaric hypoxia].

The influence of acute normobaric hypoxia on total pool of human plasma fatty acids was studied in experiment (respiration of hypoxic gas mixture containing 8% of O2, during 25 min). Health status of participants-volunteers and the hypoxia intensity were monitored with a complex of electrophysiological methods: EEC, ECG, measurement of blood pressure, SpO2, evaluation of cardiac output, gas analysis of exhaled air. Using gas chromatography we studied plasma fatty acids total profile (esterificated and non-esterificated) before hypoxia exposure, on 2nd, 5th, 10th, 20th minutes of acute hypoxia and on 5th and 15th minutes of recovery.

[Polymorphism of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE) in the populations of Russia and neighboring countries].

Allele and genotype frequencies for the locus encoding apolipoprotein E, involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism (APOE), were evaluated in 16 populations representing 12 ethnic groups (a total of 1103 subjects) from Russia and neighboring countries. In the populations examined, the frequencies of allele epsilon4, which is the risk factor of Alzheimer's disease and coronary heart disease, varied from less than 5 to more than 20%, while the variation of the major epsilon3 allele in these populations ranged from less than 75 to 95%. The frequencies of alleles epsilon3 and epsilon4 were 0.

[Mechanism f kidney participation in maintaining osmotic and ion homeostasis in chronic renal failure].

In examination of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) at glomerular filtration rate below 30 ml/min and blood serum ion concentration within limits of normal values hyperosmia has been found. Under the natural regimen essential differences have been revealed neither in variation limits of renal excretion of ions nor osmotically active substances in CRF patients as compared with healthy controls. Diuresis correlated with renal excretion of osmotically active substances.