[An estimation of individual radiosensitivity prostate malignant tumour cells using dynamic control of prostatic specific antigen level].

Individual radiosensitivity of prostate malignant tumor cells were estimated in blood of 122 patients in accordance with the level of prostate-specific antigen. Estimation has been performed in dynamics (before and after 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months) after radiation (external beam radiotherapy with total dose 70 Gy, brachytherapy with clinical dose 140-170 Gy) and hormone-radiation therapy. It was detected the differences of prostate tumors in the radioresistance.

[Genomic damage, adaptive response induction in blood lymphocytes at the prostate cancer patients. Connection with the tumour radiotherapy efficiency].

On the blood lymphocytes of prostate cancer (PCa) patients before and during radiotherapy: DNA damage by DNA commet assay (DNA double strand breaks - DSB); the frequency of cells with micronuclei (MN) with cytokinetic cytochalasin block; the adaptive response induction by the additional irradiation of PHA stimulated lymphocytes in the doses of 0.05 and 1.0 Gy 24 h and 48 h after stimulation were studied.

Childhood thyroid cancer, radiation dose from Chernobyl, and dose uncertainties in Bryansk Oblast, Russia: a population-based case-control study.

A population-based case-control study was conducted to estimate the radiation-related risk of thyroid cancer in persons who were exposed in childhood to (131)I from the Chernobyl accident of April 26, 1986 and to investigate the impact of uncertainties in individual dose estimates. Included were all 66 confirmed cases of primary thyroid cancer diagnosed from April 26, 1986 through September 1998 in residents of Bryansk Oblast, Russia, who were 0-19 years old at the time of the accident, along with two individually matched controls for each case. Thyroid radiation doses, estimated using a semi-empirical model based on environmental contamination data and individual characteristics, ranged from 0.

Risk of thyroid cancer after exposure to 131I in childhood.

Background: After the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident in April 1986, a large increase in the incidence of childhood thyroid cancer was reported in contaminated areas. Most of the radiation exposure to the thyroid was from iodine isotopes, especially 131I. We carried out a population-based case-control study of thyroid cancer in Belarus and the Russian Federation to evaluate the risk of thyroid cancer after exposure to radioactive iodine in childhood and to investigate environmental and host factors that may modify this risk.

Risk of thyroid cancer in the Bryansk Oblast of the Russian Federation after the Chernobyl Power Station accident.

This population-based case-control study investigated whether exposure to radiation from the Chernobyl Power Station accident is associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer in children and adolescents aged 0-19 years at the time of the accident who were residing in the more highly contaminated areas of the Bryansk Oblast. Cases were diagnosed with thyroid cancer before October 1, 1997 (n = 26); two controls per case were identified from the Russian State Medical Dosimetrical Registry and were matched by gender, birth year, and raion of residence and type of settlement (urban, town, rural) on April 26, 1986 (n = 52). Individual radiation doses to the thyroid were estimated using a semi-empirical model and data were collected in interviews, primarily of the participants' mothers.

[Assay of thyrocalcitonin in cervical lymph node using fine-needle washings for the diagnosis of disseminated medullary thyroid carcinoma].

Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of cervical lymph nodes was carried out in 22 patients with suspected metastatic involvement with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTS). It was followed by cytopathological examination of aspirates and assay of of thyrocalcitonin (TCT) in fine-needle washings. TCT determinations proved highly informative as well as significantly high in all seven cases of MTS involvement (26-8,484.

[Effects of electromagnetic field of thermal intensity on the hypophysis-thyroid unit of the neuroendocrine system].

Acute 12-minute exposure of laboratory rats to microwaves with specific dose rate (SAR) of 30 W/kg that exceeded a basal metabolism caused a transient response of hyppophysis-thyroid system of compensatory-adaptive character. Prolonged exposure to microwaves of less intensity (SAR = 6 W/kg, which approximately corresponds to basic metabolic rate for these animals) caused insufficiency of the function of thyroid control in a form of primary hypothyroidis.

Additional thyroid dose factor from transportation sources in Russia after the Chernobyl disaster.

Beginning approximately 4 years after the Chernobyl nuclear accident a steady increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer was observed in children and adolescents of the Bryansk Oblast, which received the highest level of radionuclide contaminants in Russia. We examined the spatial relationship between the residence location of patients with identified thyroid cancer (0-18 years old at the time of the accident) and a number of geographic parameters to better account for the etiology of thyroid cancer spatial distribution. Geographic parameters analyzed included spatial distribution of 137Cs and 131I in soil, population demographics, measurements and reconstructions.

[Tumor markers MCA and CA-125 in the diagnosis and monitoring of breast cancer].

The value of MCA and CA-25 tumor marker assays for diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer was analysed on the basis of measurements made in 320 healthy females and 85 breast cancer patients. A procedure for DK assay with anticipated specificity, sensitivity and reliability is described. MCA measurement was shown to be important for breast cancer diagnosis.

[A method of modified neuroleptanalgesia in lung surgery].

A modification of neuroleptanalgesia (NLA) has been developed to be applied in operations on the lungs. It is based on the inclusion of indomethacin and diazepam into premedication, on the bolus administration of phentanyl, droperidol, and diazepam prior to the most traumatic stages of the operation, and on the subsequent infusion of phentanyl and droperidol. The modified technique of NLA has been applied in operations on 19 patients with lung cancer.

[Ultrastructure of the vessels of the submucosal membrane of the rat small intestine at long intervals following fractionated irradiation].

The time course of ultrastructural changes in the walls of arterial type vessels was studied in the small intestinal submucous membrane of Wistar male rats long after fractionated irradiation of the abdominal area. Three phases were identified in the development of vascular response to irradiation; mechanisms of their development are under discussion.

[Contact interaction between thymocytes and macrophages following irradiation].

The contact interaction between thymocytes and peritoneal macrophages during the cluster formation in vitro is substantially impaired 24 h following irradiation with lethal doses. A thymocyte is the most radiosensitive participant of the reaction.

[Ultrastructure of chemodectomas of the neck].

Two types of cells (dark and clear) with secretory granules in the cytoplasm were identified in these tumors. No specific ultrastructural features that would distinguish tumors differing in the degree of maturity were noted in the cells.

[Effect of 60Co gamma rays and fast neutrons on intravascular platelet aggregation and vessel wall prostacyclin activity].

The influence of gamma-rays 60Co and fast neutrons on intravascular platelet aggregation and prostacyclin activity of the vascular wall has been studied. It has been shown that 1-6 hours after irradiation of CBA mice, a great number of bone marrow platelets clump to form fibrin fibrils that often close completely the vascular lumen. Experiments with irradiated rats and guinea-pigs have demonstrated the reduction of prostacyclin-like activity in the abdominal aorta wall.

[Ultrastructure of the enterocytes of the upper 3d of the villi of murine small intestine].

The enterocytes of the upper one-third of the villi of duodenum, ileum and jejunum of mice were investigated with the electron microscope. It was found that enterocytes moving to the top of the villus underwent regular structural rearrangements that involve the appearance of triangular dilatations of the intercellular spaces at the cell base, condensation of the mitochondrial matrix, reduction of ergastoplasmic reticulum and dictyosome hypertrophy. It is suggested that enterocytes leave the top of the villus as structurally and functionally valid cells.