Back to the Basics of SARS-CoV-2 Biochemistry: Microvascular Occlusive Glycan Bindings Govern Its Morbidities and Inform Therapeutic Responses.

Consistent with the biochemistry of coronaviruses as well established over decades, SARS-CoV-2 makes its initial attachment to host cells through the binding of its spike protein (SP) to sialylated glycans (containing the monosaccharide sialic acid) on the cell surface. The virus can then slide over and enter via ACE2. SARS-CoV-2 SP attaches particularly tightly to the trillions of red blood cells (RBCs), platelets and endothelial cells in the human body, each cell very densely coated with sialic acid surface molecules but having no ACE2 or minimal ACE2.

Gene-based COVID-19 vaccines: Australian perspectives in a corporate and global context.

Pandemic management requires societal coordination, global orchestration, respect for human rights and defence of ethical principles. Yet some approaches to the COVID-19 pandemic, driven by socioeconomic, corporate, and political interests, have undermined key pillars of ethical medical science. We explore significant mistakes that may have occurred in recent pandemic control, in order to better navigate the future.

'Spikeopathy': COVID-19 Spike Protein Is Pathogenic, from Both Virus and Vaccine mRNA.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused much illness, many deaths, and profound disruption to society. The production of 'safe and effective' vaccines was a key public health target. Sadly, unprecedented high rates of adverse events have overshadowed the benefits.

Trauma exposure and co-occurring ICD-11 post-traumatic stress disorder and complex post-traumatic stress disorder in adults with lived experience of psychiatric disorder.

Objective: To establish factors associated with ICD-11 post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD) in a large sample of adults with lived experience of psychiatric disorder and examine the psychiatric burden associated with the two disorders.

Methods: One thousand three hundred and five adults were recruited from the National Centre for Mental Health (NCMH) cohort. ICD-11 PTSD/CPTSD were assessed with the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ).

Autoantibodies to red blood cell surface Glycophorin A impact the activation poise of circulating leukocytes.

Background: Both M and N alleles encode antigens on Glycophorin A (GPA), a red blood cell (RBC) surface sialoglycoprotein. Interaction between RBC GPA and leukocyte surface lectins may downregulate their activation. The current study investigates if RBC autoantibodies against GPA, such as auto-anti-M/N, prime an activated phenotype in peripheral blood leukocytes.

'Pediatric Bipolar Disorder' rates are still lower than claimed: a re-examination of eight epidemiological surveys used by an updated meta-analysis.

Background: 'Pediatric bipolar disorder' (PBD) is a controversial diagnosis with varying rates of clinical diagnosis. A highly cited meta-analysis (Van Meter et al. 2011) of a dozen epidemiological surveys suggested a global community prevalence of PBD of 1.

The geography of a controversial diagnosis: A bibliographic analysis of published academic perspectives on 'paediatric bipolar disorder'.

Background: The hypothesis that bipolar disorder presents before puberty with atypical mania has proved to be controversial. Published academic perspectives on the validity of Paediatric Bipolar Disorder (PBD) appear to vary between the United States and the rest of the world.

Methods: We examined the perspectives of articles citing four seminal articles.

Long term delay in onset of prevertebral hematoma following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: A case report.

Post-operative hematoma following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is an uncommon but feared complication. Typically, these complications present in the immediate post-operative period. We present a case of a 51 year-old woman who underwent a C4-5 ACDF for left sided radicular pain.

Debate: Bipolar disorder: extremely rare before puberty and antipsychotics cause serious harms - a commentary on Van Meter et al. (2019).

'Paediatric bipolar disorder' (PBD) remains controversial; because it is based on the hypothesis that bipolar disorder (BD) often begins in childhood with atypical forms of mania. A meta-analysis of 12 epidemiological surveys found a high prevalence of PBD among children and adolescents worldwide (1.8%), however, our study of the measurement issues (Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 23, 2018, 14) found that PBD rates were lower than claimed.

The prevalence and treatment outcomes of antineuronal antibody-positive patients admitted with first episode of psychosis.

Background: Antineuronal antibodies are associated with psychosis, although their clinical significance in first episode of psychosis (FEP) is undetermined.

Aims: To examine all patients admitted for treatment of FEP for antineuronal antibodies and describe clinical presentations and treatment outcomes in those who were antibody positive.

Method: Individuals admitted for FEP to six mental health units in Queensland, Australia, were prospectively tested for serum antineuronal antibodies.

Cervical corpectomy for resection of ventral intramedullary capillary hemangioma with circumferential involvement of the anterior spinal artery: case report.

There is limited evidence to suggest that anterior approaches for the resection of ventral intramedullary lesions of the cervical spinal cord may result in superior neurological outcomes compared with those following more traditional posterior approaches. To the authors' knowledge, no report of an anterior approach to resect a ventral intramedullary capillary hemangioma exists in the literature. In the following paper, the case of a 75-year-old male who presented with progressive neck and left shoulder pain, weakness of the left hand, myelopathy, and gait imbalance is reported.

'Paediatric bipolar disorder' rates are lower than claimed - a reexamination of the epidemiological surveys used by a meta-analysis.

Background: 'Paediatric bipolar disorder' (PBD) is a controversial diagnosis where often prepubertal children as well as adolescents, who may have a range of psychiatric disorders or symptoms, are diagnosed with a severe mental illness requiring lifelong medication. Clinically, it has often been applied in the United States but rarely in most other countries. A meta-analysis (Van Meter et al.

The Influence of Pelvic Incidence and Lumbar Lordosis Mismatch on Development of Symptomatic Adjacent Level Disease Following Single-Level Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion.

Background: Annual incidence of symptomatic adjacent level disease (ALD) following lumbar fusion surgery ranges from 0.6% to 3.9% per year.

Utility of the Aspirin and P2Y12 Response Assays to Determine the Effect of Antiplatelet Agents on Platelet Reactivity in Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background: Premorbid antithrombotic medication may worsen intracranial injury and outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Routine laboratory tests are insufficient to evaluate platelet activity.

Objective: To profile the spectrum of platelet inhibition, as measured by aspirin and P2Y12 response unit assays, in a TBI population on antiplatelet therapy.

Use of Aspirin and P2Y12 Response Assays in Detecting Reversal of Platelet Inhibition With Platelet Transfusion in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury on Antiplatelet Therapy.

Background: At present, guidelines are lacking on platelet transfusion in patients with a traumatic intracranial bleed and history of antiplatelet therapy. The aspirin and P2Y 12 response unit (ARU and PRU, respectively) assays detect the effect of aspirin and P2Y 12 inhibitors in the cardiac population.

Objective: To describe the reversal of platelet inhibition after platelet transfusion using the ARU and PRU assays in patients with traumatic brain injury.

Total Hip Arthroplasty Complicated by a Gluteal Hematoma Resulting in Acute Foot Drop.

Total hip arthroplasty is a prevalent orthopedic intervention in the United States. Massive postoperative hematomas are a rare albeit serious complication of the procedure. Sequelae of these hematomas can include lower extremity paralysis from compression of the sciatic nerve.

Preoperative prealbumin level as a risk factor for surgical site infection following elective spine surgery.

Background: Nutritional status is a critical factor in patient outcomes in a variety of medical contexts. In the surgical fields, there is substantial evidence suggesting that clinical outcomes including infection risk and surgical efficacy may be affected by preoperative nutritional status. The purpose of this study is to evaluate preoperative serum prealbumin levels, the currently preferred serum biomarker of nutritional deficiency, in relation to the risk of developing a surgical site infection.

Solitaire salvage: a stent retriever-assisted catheter reduction technical report.

The endovascular management of giant aneurysms often proves difficult with standard techniques. Obtaining distal access to allow catheter reduction is often key to approaching these aneurysms, but several anatomic challenges make this task unsafe and not feasible. Obtaining distal anchor points and performing catheter reduction maneuvers using adjunctive devices is not a novel concept, however using the Solitaire in order to do so may have some distinct advantages compared with previously described methods.

Solitaire salvage: a stent retriever-assisted catheter reduction technical report.

The endovascular management of giant aneurysms often proves difficult with standard techniques. Obtaining distal access to allow catheter reduction is often key to approaching these aneurysms, but several anatomic challenges make this task unsafe and not feasible. Obtaining distal anchor points and performing catheter reduction maneuvers using adjunctive devices is not a novel concept, however using the Solitaire in order to do so may have some distinct advantages compared with previously described methods.