Characterization of the preweaned Holstein calf fecal microbiota prior to, during, and following resolution of uncomplicated gastrointestinal disease.

Little is known about shifts in the fecal microbiome of dairy calves preceding and following the incidence of gastrointestinal disease. The objective of this cohort study was to describe the fecal microbiome of preweaned dairy calves before, during, and after gastrointestinal disease. A total of 111 Holstein dairy calves were enrolled on 2 dairies (D1 and D2) and followed until 5 weeks old.

Running Toward Equity: Socioeconomic Diversity and Parental Perception of a Physical Activity-Based Positive Youth Development Program for Girls.

The Girls on the Run (GOTR) is a national positive youth development program to promote self-confidence, resilience, and self-esteem for girls through physical activity. It also includes an opportunity for parental support through involvement in a 5K event at the end of the program. There is significant evidence on the importance of family support and parent role modeling for children's physical activity, but little is known on how children can encourage adult physical activity.

Identification of a marker of infection in the breath using a porcine pneumonia model.

Objective: Pneumonia, both in the community and the hospital setting, represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the cardiothoracic patient population. Diagnosis of pneumonia can be masked by other disease processes and is often diagnosed after the patient is already experiencing the disease. A noninvasive, sensitive test for pneumonia could decrease hospitalizations and length of stay for patients.

Comparative diagnoses of respiratory disease in preweaned dairy calves using sequential thoracic ultrasonography and clinical respiratory scoring.

Aims: Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) has serious impacts on dairy production and animal welfare. It is most commonly diagnosed based on clinical respiratory signs (CRS), but in recent years, thoracic ultrasonography (TUS) has emerged as a diagnostic tool with improved sensitivity and specificity. This study aimed to assess the alignment of BRD diagnoses based on a Clinical Respiratory Scoring Chart (CRSC) and weekly TUS findings throughout the progression of BRD of variable severity in preweaned Holstein dairy heifers.

A feasibility study on exhaled breath analysis using UV spectroscopy to detect COVID-19.

A 23-subject feasibility study is reported to assess how UV absorbance measurements on exhaled breath samples collected from silicon microreactors can be used to detect COVID-19. The silicon microreactor technology chemoselectively preconcentrates exhaled carbonyl volatile organic compounds and subsequent methanol elution provides samples for analysis. The underlying scientific rationale that viral infection will induce an increase in exhaled carbonyls appears to be supported by the results of the feasibility study.

Evaluation of a point-of-care calcium device in bovine plasma and serum.

Hypocalcemia is a common metabolic disease in dairy cows, and it is defined as total calcium (tCa) blood concentration <2.0 mmol/L. The alternatives for the gold standard test to measure tCa in bovine blood are limited.

Adverse Childhood Experiences and Quality of Life: A Mediating Role of Physical Activity.

Purpose: Examine whether barriers to physical activity (PA) and PA level serve as serial mediators to the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and perceived quality of physical health. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: A public university in Southeast United States.

Differential gene expression in peripheral leukocytes of pre-weaned Holstein heifer calves with respiratory disease.

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a leading cause of calf morbidity and mortality, and prevalence remains high despite current management practices. Differential gene expression (DGE) provides detailed insight into individual immune responses and can illuminate enriched pathways and biomarkers that contribute to disease susceptibility and outcomes. The aims of this study were to investigate differences in peripheral leukocyte gene expression in Holstein preweaned heifer calves 1) with and without BRD, and 2) across weeks of age.

Misdiagnosis of Clostridioides difficile Infections by Standard-of-Care Specimen Collection and Testing among Hospitalized Adults, Louisville, Kentucky, USA, 2019-2020.

Although Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) incidence is high in the United States, standard-of-care (SOC) stool collection and testing practices might result in incidence overestimation or underestimation. We conducted diarrhea surveillance among inpatients >50 years of age in Louisville, Kentucky, USA, during October 14, 2019-October 13, 2020; concurrent SOC stool collection and CDI testing occurred independently. A study CDI case was nucleic acid amplification test‒/cytotoxicity neutralization assay‒positive or nucleic acid amplification test‒positive stool in a patient with pseudomembranous colitis.

Transcriptional changes detected in fecal RNA from neonatal dairy calves of different breeds following gastrointestinal disease of varying severity.

Gastrointestinal (GI) disease is a major health concern in preweaned dairy calves. The objective of this fixed cohort study was to use RNA isolated from preweaned Holstein and Jersey heifer calf feces to study the molecular adaptations to variable clinical GI disease. The study was conducted on a commercial calf ranch in the western U.

Effects of a farm-specific fecal microbial transplant (FMT) product on clinical outcomes and fecal microbiome composition in preweaned dairy calves.

Gastrointestinal disease (GI) is the most common illness in pre-weaned dairy calves. Therefore, effective strategies to manipulate the microbiome of dairy calves under commercial dairy operations are of great importance to improve animal health and reduce antimicrobial usage. The objective of this study was to develop a farm-specific FMT product and to investigate its effects on clinical outcomes and fecal microbial composition of dairy calves.

"What Matters Most" to Older Adults With Cancer: Advance Care Planning.

Approximately 1 in 3 adults have some type of advance directive. Advance care planning (ACP) is associated with greater use of supportive care services and decreased patient and family stress. Despite this, organizations continue to have difficulty in implementing effective programs for increasing ACP.

Fecal microbiome profiles of neonatal dairy calves with varying severities of gastrointestinal disease.

Gastrointestinal disease (GI) is the most common illness in pre-weaned dairy calves. Studies have associated the fecal microbiome composition with health status, but it remains unclear how the microbiome changes across different levels of GI disease and breeds. Our objective was to associate the clinical symptoms of GI disease with the fecal microbiome.

Aiding diagnosis of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder of the inattentive presentation: Discriminant function analysis of multi-domain measures including EEG.

Introduction: We developed a neurocognitive assessment tool (NCAT) in consultation with mental health professionals working with children with AD/HD as a diagnostic aid and screening tool. This study examines the predictive utility of NCAT in the classification of children with AD/HD Inattentive presentation.

Method: Fifty three children with AD/HD Inattentive presentation and 161 typically-developing children completed an NCAT assessment.

A Fixed Cohort Field Study of Gene Expression in Circulating Leukocytes From Dairy Cows With and Without Mastitis.

Specifically designed gene expression studies can be used to prioritize candidate genes and identify novel biomarkers affecting resilience against mastitis and other diseases in dairy cattle. The primary goal of this study was to assess whether specific peripheral leukocyte genes expressed differentially in a previous study of dairy cattle with postpartum disease, also would be expressed differentially in peripheral leukocytes from a diverse set of different dairy cattle with moderate to severe clinical mastitis. Four genes were selected for this study due to their differential expression in a previous transcriptomic analysis of circulating leukocytes from dairy cows with and without evidence of early postpartum disease.

Promoting First Relationships®: Implementing a Home Visiting Research Program in Two American Indian Communities.

Background: Few, if any, home visiting programs for children under the age of three have been culturally adapted for American Indian reservation settings. We recently adapted one such program: Promoting First Relationships®.

Objectives: To culturally adapt Promoting First Relationships® while maintaining program fidelity, we used a community-based participatory approach to elicit input from two American Indian partners.

Bleeding during pregnancy is associated with familial preterm birth.

Purpose: the purpose of this study is to identify risk factors for familial, likely genetically-determined, preterm birth.

Materials And Methods: We performed a case-control study, enrolling 211 patients (103 cases and 108 controls). Cases delivered between 20 and 35 weeks gestation, with a prior preterm birth or first-degree relative born prematurely.

A Comparison of Three Camera Systems for Intraoral Photography.

A single lens reflex camera, a prosumer camera and a smartphone camera were compared for their ability to produce digital intraoral images. Standardized intraoral images produced by the three cameras were evaluated according to sharpness, depth of field, exposure, white balance and image composition. The digital SLR camera was significantly superior to the prosumer camera regarding sharpness and depth of field.

Predoctoral dental implant education at Creighton University School of Dentistry.

The purpose of this report is to describe the dental implant education that predoctoral students receive and to characterize the patient population receiving implants at Creighton University School of Dentistry (CDS). CDS has no postdoctoral residency programs. Therefore, clinical management of diagnosis, treatment planning, surgical aspects, restoration, complications, and maintenance of dental implants requires significant involvement by predoctoral dental students.

Psoriasis: symptoms, treatments and its impact on quality of life.

Psoriasis affects between 1% and 3% of the population and there is no cure for this chronic skin disease. This article gives an overview of the condition and available treatments. It focuses on managing symptoms, the range of medications available and the impact this chronic condition can have on a sufferer's quality of life.

Dialogues on diversifying clinical trials: successful strategies for engaging women and minorities in clinical trials.

There is mounting scientific evidence pointing to genetic or physiologic distinctions between genders and among racial and ethnic groups that influence disease risk and severity and response to treatment. The diverse enrollment of subjects engaged in clinical trials research is, thus, critical to developing safer and more effective drugs and medical devices. However, in the United States, there are striking disparities in clinical trial participation.

Quantitative determination of lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) in human saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) by LC-MS/MS.

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a phospholipid mediator that plays multiple cellular functions by acting through G protein-coupled LPA receptors. LPAs are known to be key mediators in inflammation, and several lines of evidence suggest a role for LPAs in inflammatory periodontal diseases. A simple and sensitive liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been developed and validated to quantify LPA species (LPA 18:0, LPA 16:0, LPA 18:1 and LPA 20:4) in human saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF).