Publications by authors named "Parris Williams"
Article Synopsis
- Early career members of the Epidemiology and Environment Assembly of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) presented insights from four key sessions at the ERS 2023 Congress, focusing on diverse topics related to respiratory health.
- The discussions included the impact of micro- and macro-environments on respiratory conditions, occupational diseases affecting airways, tobacco research, and the management of multimorbidity in lung disease patients.
- The findings emphasize the significance of environmental risk factors linked to respiratory issues, the rising concern over nicotine product usage, and their broader health implications associated with lung diseases.
Background: Singing for lung health (SLH) is an arts-based breathing control and movement intervention for people with long-term respiratory conditions, intended to improve symptoms and quality of life. Online, remotely delivered programmes might improve accessibility; however, no previous studies have assessed the effectiveness of this approach.
Methods: We conducted an assessor-blind randomised controlled trial comparing the impact of 12 weeks of once-weekly online SLH sessions against usual care on health-related quality of life, assessed using the RAND 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) Mental Health Composite (MHC) and Physical Health Composite (PHC) scores.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how gait differs between people with COPD and healthy individuals, focusing on walking tests.
- Analysis of 21,085 records led to 25 studies being included, covering over 3,200 participants, showing that those with COPD walk significantly slower than healthy controls.
- The findings suggest that slower walking may increase fall risks for COPD patients, but overall evidence regarding other gait characteristics remains inconclusive, highlighting a gap in research on this topic.
Background: Regular clinical reviews of people with COPD provide an opportunity to optimise management and are recommended in national and international guidelines. However, there are limited data about the relationship between having an annual review and other aspects of care quality, which might influence decision-making by healthcare professionals and commissioners.
Method: Using data from 74 827 people with COPD completing the Asthma+Lung UK COPD Patient Passport, between 2014 and 2022, we conducted adjusted logistic regression (adjusting for year) and compared receipt of key items of care between those reporting that they had had an annual review (65.
Lung health, the development of lung disease, and how well a person with lung disease is able to live all depend on a wide range of societal factors. These systemic factors that adversely affect people and cause injustice can be thought of as "structural violence." To make the causal processes relating to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) more apparent, and the responsibility to interrupt or alleviate them clearer, we have developed a taxonomy to describe this.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: The aim of this systematic review was to synthesise the research identifying possible influences on CBT outcomes in chronic pain. Variations in the effectiveness of psychological therapies, such as CBT, in chronic pain have led to research investigating predictors of improved treatment outcomes.
Materials And Methods: We identified randomised controlled and cohort studies of CBT for chronic pain, published between 1974 to 2nd August 2023, which identified predictors of CBT outcomes.
Background: Reduced mobility is a central feature of COPD. Assessment of mobility outcomes that can be measured digitally (digital mobility outcomes (DMOs)) in daily life such as gait speed and steps per day is increasingly possible using devices such as pedometers and accelerometers, but the predictive value of these measures remains unclear in relation to key outcomes such as hospital admission and survival.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review, nested within a larger scoping review by the MOBILISE-D consortium, addressing DMOs in a range of chronic conditions.
Background: Immediate smoking cessation interventions delivered alongside targeted lung health checks (TLHCs) to screen for lung cancer increase self-reported abstinence at 3 months. The impact on longer term, objectively confirmed quit rates remains to be established.
Methods: We followed up participants from two clinical trials in people aged 55-75 years who smoked and took part in a TLHC.
Background: Completion of pulmonary rehabilitation is recognised in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) guidelines as a key opportunity to consider systematically whether a respiratory review to assess potential suitability for a lung volume reduction (LVR) procedure might be appropriate. We describe the development of a simple decision-support tool (the LVR-PR tool) to aid clinicians working in pulmonary rehabilitation, to operationalise this process.
Methods: We took an iterative mixed methods approach, which was partnership-based and involved an initial consensus survey, focus groups and an observational study cohort at multiple pulmonary rehabilitation centres.
Introduction: Lung cancer screening presents an important teachable moment to promote smoking cessation, but the most effective strategy to deliver support in this context remains to be established.
Methods: We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of smoking cessation interventions delivered during lung health screening, published prior to 20/07/2022 MEDLINE, PsychINFO, CENTRAL, EMBASE, CINAHL and Scopus databases. Two reviewers screened titles, and abstracts, four reviewed each full text using prespecified criteria, extracted relevant data, assessed risk of bias and confidence in findings using the GRADE criteria.
Introduction: Although e-cigarettes can be an effective form of nicotine substitution for adults attempting to quit smoking, their use among children and young people is a concern. Accurate data about this are needed to inform debates over policy and regulation in the UK and elsewhere.
Methods: Using data from an online survey of 2613 youth aged 11-18 years, conducted by the market research company YouGov in March 2022, we present prevalence estimates of e-cigarette and tobacco use.
Objectives: To assess the frequency of reporting of ethnicity (or 'race') and socioeconomic status (SES) indicators in high-impact journals.
Design: Targeted literature review.
Data Sources: The 10 highest ranked general medical journals using Google scholar h5 index.
Background: Lung cancer screening programs provide an opportunity to support people who smoke to quit, but the most appropriate model for delivery remains to be determined. Immediate face-to-face smoking cessation support for people undergoing screening can increase quit rates, but it is not known whether remote delivery of immediate smoking cessation counselling and pharmacotherapy in this context also is effective.
Research Question: Does an immediate telephone smoking cessation intervention increase quit rates compared with usual care among a population enrolled in a targeted lung health check (TLHC)?
Study Design And Methods: In a single-masked randomized controlled trial, people 55 to 75 years of age who smoke and attended a TLHC were allocated by day of attendance to receive either immediate telephone smoking cessation intervention (TSI) support (starting immediately and lasting for 6 weeks) with appropriate pharmacotherapy or usual care (UC; very brief advice to quit and signposting to smoking cessation services).
Background: Understanding the factors driving acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is key to reducing their impact on human health and well-being.
Methods: 5997 people with COPD, mean 66 years, 64% female, completed an online survey between December 2020 and May 2021 about living with COPD, developed by the charity Asthma + Lung UK.
Results: The 3731 (62.
Objectives: Lung cancer screening programmes offer an opportunity to address tobacco dependence in current smokers. The effectiveness of different approaches to smoking cessation in this context has not yet been established. We investigated if immediate smoking cessation support, including pharmacotherapy, offered as part of a lung cancer screening programme, increases quit rates compared to usual care (Very Brief Advice to quit and signposting to smoking cessation services).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: The impact of acute COVID-19 on people with asthma appears complex, being moderated by multiple interacting disease-specific, demographic and environmental factors. Research regarding longer-term effects in this group is limited. We aimed to assess impacts of COVID-19 and predictors of persistent symptoms, in people with asthma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPatient symptoms and experience following COVID-19: results from a UK-wide survey.
BMJ Open Respir Res
November 2021
Objectives: To investigate the experience of people who continue to be unwell after acute COVID-19, often referred to as 'long COVID', both in terms of their symptoms and their interactions with healthcare.
Design: We conducted a mixed-methods analysis of responses to a survey accessed through a UK online post-COVID-19 support and information hub, between April and December 2020, about people's experiences after having acute COVID-19.
Participants: 3290 respondents, 78% female, 92.
Physical mobility is essential to health, and patients often rate it as a high-priority clinical outcome. Digital mobility outcomes (DMOs), such as real-world gait speed or step count, show promise as clinical measures in many medical conditions. However, current research is nascent and fragmented by discipline.
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