Dural involvement in central nervous system langerhans cells histiocytosis (LCH) on FDG PET/CT: Case report and review of CNS manifestations of LCH on PET/CT.

We report a case of multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a pediatric patient with central nervous system involvement, highlighting F-18(FDG) uptake characteristics of dural sites of disease. We also highlight the advantages of functional data offered by FDG-PET as a useful follow-up tool to assess viability and, therefore, treatment response of previously known central nervous system lesions. The utility of recognizing characteristic patterns of FDG uptake in dural disease is also applicable in cases of diagnostic uncertainty, such as when evaluating isolated dural lesions or when distinguishing between Langerhans cell histiocytosis and similar appearing lesions such as meningiomas.

Nuclear Imaging of Neuroendocrine Tumors.

Consensus guidelines acknowledge the role of gallium Ga-68 (Ga) 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic (DOTA) somatostatin receptor (SSTR) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in management of neuroendocrine tumor (NET) patients. Ga-DOTA-SSTR PET/CT demonstrates superior performance to conventional imaging in initial detection, staging, detection of recurrent tumor, and detection of unknown primary in known metastatic disease. Ga-DOTA-SSTR PET/CT is low yield for NET detection in the setting of symptoms or elevated biomarkers when conventional imaging is negative, but may still guide management.

Chronic Venous Insufficiency Causing a Diagnostic Conundrum on Tc-99m Bone Scan Done for Osteosarcoma Surveillance: Awareness is the Key!

Bone scans are the most commonly used imaging technique to rule out local recurrence or metastasis during surveillance of malignant bone tumors after treatment. Although bone scans are very sensitive in detecting recurrence or metastasis, they are less specific. There are many nonmalignant conditions which can mimic either recurrence or metastasis on a Tc-99m bone scan.

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome on 18F-FDG PET/CT in a Pediatric Patient With Burkitt's Lymphoma.

We present a case of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in a pediatric patient with Burkitt's lymphoma predominantly involving the bone marrow. F-FDG PET/CT scan obtained after the first cycle of chemotherapy, complicated by acute kidney injury, hypertension, tumor lysis syndrome, and lethargy with focal neurological symptoms, showed a favorable marrow and lymph node response but increased FDG uptake in the bilateral frontal and occipital cortical/subcortical regions. Brain MRI was consistent with PRES.

Safety and accuracy of Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT in children and young adults with solid tumors.

Ga-DOTA-tyr3-Octreotide (Ga-DOTATOC) PET/CT has been shown to have high accuracy in adults with neuroendocrine tumors, however has not been studied in pediatric patients. This study evaluated the safety and accuracy of Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT in children and young adults with solid tumors that express somatostatin receptor type 2. A series of three prospective, IRB approved, clinical trials evaluating safety and efficacy of Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT were conducted for subjects aged 6 months to 90 years.

Sinonasal NUT-Midline Carcinoma - A Multimodality Approach to Diagnosis, Staging and Post-Surgical Restaging.

Nuclear protein testis (NUT) midline carcinoma is a rare malignancy involving predominantly the midline structures of the body. It is characterized by its genotypic feature of BRD4-NUT translocation, which is in contrast with other malignant processes that are usually categorized based on their histologic/phenotypic features. As these tumors may vary in their histologic presentation, they can be misdiagnosed as poorly differentiated carcinomas.

Incidental Meningioma Detected on 18F-Fluoride With PET/CT During Initial Staging for Prostate Cancer.

A 72-year-old man with recently diagnosed high-grade prostate adenocarcinoma with a Gleason score of 7 and PSA of 3.7 underwent ¹⁸F-fluoride PET/CT bone scan. The ¹⁸F-fluoride PET/CT bone scan showed increased uptake in the brain in the right frontal lobe.