VARX Granger analysis: Models for neuroscience, physiology, sociology and econometrics.

Complex systems, such as in brains, markets, and societies, exhibit internal dynamics influenced by external factors. Disentangling delayed external effects from internal dynamics within these systems is often difficult. We propose using a Vector Autoregressive model with eXogenous input (VARX) to capture delayed interactions between internal and external variables.

Unraveling the pathogenesis of viral-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension: Possible new therapeutic avenues with mesenchymal stromal cells and their derivatives.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe condition characterized by elevated pressure in the pulmonary artery, where metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to its progression. Within the PH spectrum, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) stands out with its primary pulmonary vasculopathy. PAH's prevalence varies from 0.

PKD2 regulates autophagy and forms a protein complex with BECN1 at the primary cilium of hypothalamic neuronal cells.

The primary cilium, hereafter cilium, is an antenna-like organelle that modulates intracellular responses, including autophagy, a lysosomal degradation process essential for cell homeostasis. Dysfunction of the cilium is associated with impairment of autophagy and diseases known as "ciliopathies". The discovery of autophagy-related proteins at the base of the cilium suggests its potential role in coordinating autophagy initiation in response to physiopathological stimuli.

Real-world experience of vedolizumab use in Colombian patients with inflammatory bowel disease-EXVEDOCOL.

Background: Real-world studies about the effectiveness and safety of vedolizumab (VDZ) in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Latin America are scarce. Our study describes the effectiveness and safety of VDZ in Colombian patients with IBD.

Methods: EXVEDOCOL (EXperience of VEDOlizumab in COLombia) was a retrospective, multicenter, observational study.

Detection of PatIent-Level distances from single cell genomics and pathomics data with Optimal Transport (PILOT).

Although clinical applications represent the next challenge in single-cell genomics and digital pathology, we still lack computational methods to analyze single-cell or pathomics data to find sample-level trajectories or clusters associated with diseases. This remains challenging as single-cell/pathomics data are multi-scale, i.e.

HERPUD1 governs tumor cell mitochondrial function via inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-mediated calcium signaling.

The intricate relationship between calcium (Ca) homeostasis and mitochondrial function is crucial for cellular metabolic adaptation in tumor cells. Ca-initiated signaling maintains mitochondrial respiratory capacity and ATP synthesis, influencing critical cellular processes in cancer development. Previous studies by our group have shown that the homocysteine-inducible ER Protein with Ubiquitin-Like Domain 1 (HERPUD1) regulates inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (ITPR3) levels and intracellular Ca signals in tumor cells.

Student survey after ten years of continuous blended teaching of echocardiography.

Objective: To analyse the impact of 10 years of blended echocardiography teaching.

Methods And Results: A questionnaire was emailed to all medical doctors who graduated from the blended learning diploma in echocardiography developed by the University of Chile and taught by a team from Chile and Spain. One hundred and forty of the 210 students who graduated from the program between 2011 and 2020 completed the questionnaire: 53.

Myristate induces mitochondrial fragmentation and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase MUL1.

Cardiovascular diseases, especially metabolic-related disorders, are progressively growing worldwide due to high-fat-containing foods, which promote a deleterious response at the cellular level, termed lipotoxicity, or lipotoxic stress. At the cardiac level, saturated fatty acids have been directly associated with cardiomyocyte lipotoxicity through various pathological mechanisms involving mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and ceramide production, among others. However, integrative regulators connecting saturated fatty acid-derived lipotoxic stress to mitochondrial and cardiomyocyte dysfunction remain elusive.

Estrogen signaling as a bridge between the nucleus and mitochondria in cardiovascular diseases.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Epidemiological studies indicate that pre-menopausal women are more protected against the development of CVDs compared to men of the same age. This effect is attributed to the action/effects of sex steroid hormones on the cardiovascular system.

The aging of ER-mitochondria communication: A journey from undifferentiated to aged cells.

The complex physiology of eukaryotic cells requires that a variety of subcellular organelles perform unique tasks, even though they form highly dynamic communication networks. In the case of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, their functional coupling relies on the physical interaction between their membranes, mediated by domains known as mitochondria-ER contacts (MERCs). MERCs act as shuttles for calcium and lipid transfer between organelles, and for the nucleation of other subcellular processes.

Palmitic acid control of ciliogenesis modulates insulin signaling in hypothalamic neurons through an autophagy-dependent mechanism.

Palmitic acid (PA) is significantly increased in the hypothalamus of mice, when fed chronically with a high-fat diet (HFD). PA impairs insulin signaling in hypothalamic neurons, by a mechanism dependent on autophagy, a process of lysosomal-mediated degradation of cytoplasmic material. In addition, previous work shows a crosstalk between autophagy and the primary cilium (hereafter cilium), an antenna-like structure on the cell surface that acts as a signaling platform for the cell.

Angiotensin-(1-9) in hypertension.

Angiotensin-(1-9) [Ang-(1-9)] is a peptide of the non-canonical renin-angiotensin system (RAS) synthesized from angiotensin I by the monopeptidase angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2). Using osmotic minipumps, infusion of Ang-(1-9) consistently reduces blood pressure in several rat hypertension models. In these animals, hypertension-induced end-organ damage is also decreased.

Neuronal Rubicon Represses Extracellular APP/Amyloid β Deposition in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent age-associated neurodegenerative disease. A decrease in autophagy during aging contributes to brain disorders by accumulating potentially toxic substrates in neurons. Rubicon is a well-established inhibitor of autophagy in all cells.

Mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase 1 (MUL1) as a novel therapeutic target for diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.

Mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase 1 (MUL1) is a mitochondrial outer membrane-anchored protein-containing transmembrane domain in its N- and C-terminal regions, where both are exposed to the cytosol. Interestingly the C-terminal region has a RING finger domain responsible for its E3 ligase activity, as ubiquitin or in SUMOylation, interacting with proteins related to mitochondrial fusion and fission, cell survival, and tumor suppressor process, such as Akt. Therefore, MUL1 is involved in various cellular processes, such as mitochondrial dynamics, inter-organelle communication, proliferation, mitophagy, immune response, inflammation and cell apoptosis.

Palmitic and Stearic Acids Inhibit Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy (CMA) in POMC-like Neurons In Vitro.

The intake of food with high levels of saturated fatty acids (SatFAs) is associated with the development of obesity and insulin resistance. SatFAs, such as palmitic (PA) and stearic (SA) acids, have been shown to accumulate in the hypothalamus, causing several pathological consequences. Autophagy is a lysosomal-degrading pathway that can be divided into macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA).

New Molecular and Organelle Alterations Linked to Down Syndrome Heart Disease.

Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder caused by a trisomy of the human chromosome 21 (Hsa21). Overexpression of Hsa21 genes that encode proteins and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) can disrupt several cellular functions and biological processes, especially in the heart. Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are present in 45-50% of individuals with DS.

Co-occurrence Interaction Networks of Extremophile Species Living in a Copper Mining Tailing.

Copper mining tailings are characterized by high concentrations of heavy metals and an acidic pH, conditions that require an extreme adaptation for any organism. Currently, several bacterial species have been isolated and characterized from mining environments; however, very little is known about the structure of microbial communities and how their members interact with each other under the extreme conditions where they live. This work generates a co-occurrence network, representing the bacterial soil community from the Cauquenes copper tailing, which is the largest copper waste deposit worldwide.

Differential Effects of Oleic and Palmitic Acids on Lipid Droplet-Mitochondria Interaction in the Hepatic Cell Line HepG2.

Fatty acid overload, either of the saturated palmitic acid (PA) or the unsaturated oleic acid (OA), causes triglyceride accumulation into specialized organelles termed lipid droplets (LD). However, only PA overload leads to liver damage mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction. Whether these divergent outcomes stem from differential effects of PA and OA on LD and mitochondria joint dynamics remains to be uncovered.

Influence of Teacher-Student Relationships and Special Educational Needs on Student Engagement and Disengagement: A Correlational study.

Contemporary educational research has found that student engagement and disengagement have a relevant influence on learning outcomes. However, research on the influence of teacher-student relationships in the engagement of students with special educational needs (SEN) is scarce. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of teacher-student relationships, peer support at school, family support for learning, opportunities to participate at school, and SEN on engagement and disengagement of students using a sample of secondary students with SEN and typical development (TD).