Assessment of Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests and Histidine-Rich Protein 2 Deletions among Asymptomatic Children and Adults in Bagamoyo, Tanzania.

Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs) that detect histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) remain the mainstay of falciparum malaria diagnosis in Sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding their test characteristics when used for surveillance in asymptomatic populations is important. We explored the rate of false-positive and false-negative mRDT results among asymptomatic persons >5 years old screened for malaria at schools and clinics in the rural Bagamoyo District using 18S ribosomal RNA real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as the reference test.

Health checks for autistic adults: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Background: Autistic people commonly have physical and mental health conditions. They also frequently experience barriers to accessing healthcare, contributing to problems identifying and treating health conditions. These factors may lead to increased and earlier morbidity and lower average life expectancy for autistic people.

A Bi-Cultural Multidisciplinary Approach to Achieving Excellence in Care for Indigenous Māori: Report From the Wānanga, Auckland, 2023.

Aims: To explore the alignment of nursing and healthcare practice illustrated in the Fundamentals of Care framework with Māori (Indigenous person of Aotearoa, New Zealand) worldviews using Indigenous methods.

Design: Discursive report.

Methods: In October 2023, around 50 healthcare professionals and Māori leaders from across Aotearoa, New Zealand, attended a wānanga, an Indigenous Māori approach for sharing knowledge and engaging in in-depth discussion and deliberation.

Baseline characteristics for phase II of the Kinshasa Malaria Cohort Study: cohort profile.

Purpose: The Democratic Republic of Congo has one of the highest burdens of malaria in the world, accounting for 12.3% of malaria cases and 11.6% of malaria deaths.

Running Cadence and the Influence on Frontal Plane Knee Deviations.

Patellofemoral pain is one of the most common injuries in recreational runners, with significant implications for dynamic knee valgus. The knee valgus angle can be corrected surgically or with a more conservative non-operative approach. Increasing running cadence may be an effective biomechanical gait retraining intervention to reduce knee valgus and thus patellofemoral pain.

Promoting Antiviral Access and Adherence in the Expansion of Hepatitis B Prevention Programs: Insights From the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) antiviral administration and adherence are essential to reach the World Health Organization's 2030 hepatitis elimination goals. As HBV treatment guidelines are now simplified and expanded, adherence to treatment will be critical, but challenges to adherence are poorly studied. After introducing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) monotherapy to expectant mothers with high-risk HBV in Kinshasa, DRC, we conducted semi-structured interviews to understand medication adherence behaviors, to complement pill counts and measurement of TDF metabolite levels.

Development and utilization of expressing green fluorescent protein to study spirochete-host interactions and antibody-mediated clearance: expanding the toolbox for syphilis research.

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the highly invasive and immunoevasive spirochetal pathogen subsp. (). Untreated syphilis can lead to infection of multiple organ systems, including the central nervous system.

Policy and practice recommendations for services for disabled children during emergencies: Learning from COVID-19.

Aim: To seek consensus on recommendations for the delivery of services to disabled children in England during future emergencies.

Method: Candidate recommendations were drafted based on our related mapping review and qualitative research related to experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Iterative workshops with professionals and parent carers helped to refine the recommendations.

Application of a new highly multiplexed amplicon sequencing tool to evaluate antimalarial resistance and relatedness in individual and pooled samples from Dschang, Cameroon.

Background: Resistance to antimalarial drugs remains a major obstacle to malaria elimination. Multiplexed, targeted amplicon sequencing is being adopted for surveilling resistance and dissecting the genetics of complex malaria infections. Moreover, genotyping of parasites and detection of molecular markers drug resistance in resource-limited regions requires open-source protocols for processing samples, using accessible reagents, and rapid methods for processing numerous samples including pooled sequencing.

Interchromosomal segmental duplication drives translocation and loss of histidine-rich protein 3.

Most malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) detect histidine-rich protein 2 (PfHRP2) and PfHRP3, but deletions of and genes make parasites undetectable by RDTs. We analyzed 19,313 public whole-genome-sequenced field samples to understand these deletions better. deletion only occurred by chromosomal breakage with subsequent telomere healing.

Understanding the Experiences of Nurses' Work: Development and Psychometric Evaluation of an End of Shift Survey.

Aim: To explore and validate an end of shift survey with a low response burden, practical application and generated evidence of related associations between workload, quality of work and patient care, missed care and job satisfaction.

Design: A retrospective cross-sectional survey of the experiences of nursing staff.

Methods: Data were collected from 265 nurses who responded to a questionnaire at the end of their shift in 2022.

A "Conscious" Loss of Balance: Directing Attention to Movement Can Impair the Cortical Response to Postural Perturbations.

"Trying too hard" can interfere with skilled movement, such as sports and music playing. Postural control can similarly suffer when conscious attention is directed toward it ("conscious movement processing"; CMP). However, the neural mechanisms through which CMP influences balance remain poorly understood.

Immunogenicity of a Birth Dose of Hepatitis B Vaccine in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo: A Randomised, Controlled Trial.

The WHO recommends hepatitis B birth-dose vaccination (HepB-BD), but it is not routinely given in most sub-Saharan African countries. We aimed to assess the immunogenicity of HepB-BD in addition to the existing hepatitis B vaccine (HepB3) schedule in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo among HBV-unexposed and HBV-exposed infants. Using an open-label, randomised, controlled design, HBV-unexposed infants were randomised (1:1) to receive the standard HepB3 vaccine series (group U3), or to receive HepB-BD in addition to HepB3 (group U4).

Development of new real-time PCR assays for detection and species differentiation of Plasmodium ovale.

Background: The parasite species Plasmodium ovalecurtisi (P. ovalecurtisi) and Plasmodium ovalewallikeri (P. ovalewallikeri), formerly known as Plasmodium ovale, are endemic across multiple African countries.

Artificial intelligence software for analysing chest X-ray images to identify suspected lung cancer: an evidence synthesis early value assessment.

Background: Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in the United Kingdom. It is often diagnosed late. The 5-year survival rate for lung cancer is below 10%.

A series of neutral alkaline earth metal hydride complexes supported by a bulky, unsymmetrical β-diketiminate ligand, [{(Nacnac)M(μ-H)}] (M = Mg, Ca, Sr or Ba).

A bulky, unsymmetrical β-diketiminate ligand, [HC{MeCN(Dip)}{MeCN(TCHP)}] (Nacnac; Dip = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl, TCHP = 2,4,6-tricyclohexylphenyl), has been utilised in the preparation of a series of magnesium alkyl and calcium, strontium and barium amide complexes. Reaction of these with PhSiH afforded the first complete series of β-diketiminato heavier group 2 metal hydride complexes, [{(Nacnac)M(μ-H)}] (M = Mg, Ca, Sr or Ba). The unsymmetrical nature of the β-diketiminate ligand seemingly promotes stabilising interactions of ligand Dip groups with the metal centres in the Ca, Sr and Ba hydride complexes.

Sensitive and modular amplicon sequencing of diversity and resistance for research and public health.

Targeted amplicon sequencing is a powerful and efficient tool to interrogate the genome and generate actionable data from infections to complement traditional malaria epidemiology. For maximum impact, genomic tools should be multi-purpose, robust, sensitive and reproducible. We developed, characterized, and implemented MADHatTeR, an amplicon sequencing panel based on Multiplex Amplicons for Drug, Diagnostic, Diversity, and Differentiation Haplotypes using Targeted Resequencing, along with a bioinformatic pipeline for data analysis.

An isolable stannaimine and its cycloaddition/metathesis reactions with carbon dioxide.

An N-heterocyclic stannylene :Sn(NON) (NON = [O(SiMeNAd)], Ad = 1-adamantyl), reacts rapidly with 2,4,6-tricyclohexylphenyl azide (TCHP)N, affording a stannaimine, (NON)SnN(TCHP). Solutions of (NON)SnN(TCHP) react immediately with carbon dioxide (CO) to give a [2+2]-cycloaddition product, which, upon heating, subsequently engages in a metathesis process to give [Sn(NON)(μ-O)] and the bulky isocyanate, (TCHP)NCO.