Impulsive adolescents exhibit inefficient processing and a low decision threshold when decoding facial expressions of emotions.

Background: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a debilitating psychiatric illness whose symptoms frequently emerge during adolescence. Initial studies in adults suggest that the interpersonal difficulties common in BPD may emerge from disrupted processing of social and emotional stimuli. Less is known about these processes in adolescents with BPD symptoms, despite substantial changes in socioemotional processing during this developmental period.

Antitrypsin deficiency: still more to learn about the lung after 60 years.

The past 60 years have seen multiple publications related to lung disease in α-antitrypsin deficiency largely reflecting the pathophysiology, biochemical effect and outcomes of augmentation therapy. However, the complexity of disease phenotype and the impact of the natural history presents problems of patient management, study design and hence interpretation of outcome. Although many national and some international registries exist, the lack of consistent in-depth assessment and importantly, the impact of augmentation therapy likely influences our perception of the true natural history.

Creating a Statewide Assessment and Support Service to Prevent Infections in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis.

Background: Patients who receive hemodialysis are at higher risk of developing health care-associated infections due to multiple factors, including direct and recurrent access to the bloodstream. Therefore, an effective infection prevention program should be in place to decrease the likelihood of these infections. Failure to assess gaps in systems and processes impedes the implementation of quality and performance improvement initiatives.

Preparation of [Ga]GaCl Using a Cyclotron.

Recent developments in Ga-radiopharmaceuticals, including a number of regulatory approvals for clinical use, has created a hitherto unprecedented demand for Ga. Reliable access to enough Ga to meet growing clinical demand using only Ge/Ga generators has been problematic in recent years. To address this challenge, we have optimized the direct production of Ga on a cyclotron via the Zn(p,n)Ga reaction using a liquid target.

Clinical and functional characteristics of individuals with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: EARCO international registry.

Background: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a rare disease that is associated with an increased risk of pulmonary emphysema. The European AATD Research Collaboration (EARCO) international registry was founded with the objective of characterising the individuals with AATD and investigating their natural history.

Methods: The EARCO registry is an international, observational and prospective study of individuals with AATD, defined as AAT serum levels < 11 μM and/or proteinase inhibitor genotypes PI*ZZ, PI*SZ and compound heterozygotes or homozygotes of other rare deficient variants.

Lung microbiome composition and bronchial epithelial gene expression in patients with COPD versus healthy individuals: a bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing and host transcriptomic analysis.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with airway inflammation and bacterial dysbiosis. The relationship between the airway microbiome and bronchial gene expression in COPD is poorly understood. We aimed to identify differences in the airway microbiome from bronchial brushings in patients with COPD and healthy individuals and to investigate whether any distinguishing bacteria are related to bronchial gene expression.

Synthesis of Ga-radiopharmaceuticals using both generator-derived and cyclotron-produced Ga as exemplified by [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 for prostate cancer PET imaging.

[Ga]Ga-PSMA-11, a urea-based peptidomimetic, is a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging that targets the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). The recent Food and Drug Administration approval of [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 for PET imaging of patients with prostate cancer, expected follow-up approval of companion radiotherapeutics (e.g.

A CT-Derived Measurement of Sarcopenia Fails to Predict Falls.

Sarcopenia and frailty have both emerged as risk factors for elderly falls. We investigated whether radiologic sarcopenia or frailty are associated with falls in a high-risk geriatric outpatient population. We reviewed 114 patients followed at the Center for Healthy Senior Living who had undergone a computerized tomography (CT) of the abdomen and pelvis for any reason from 2013 to 2019.

Gender specific airway gene expression in COPD sub-phenotypes supports a role of mitochondria and of different types of leukocytes.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a destructive inflammatory disease and the genes expressed within the lung are crucial to its pathophysiology. We have determined the RNAseq transcriptome of bronchial brush cells from 312 stringently defined ex-smoker patients. Compared to healthy controls there were for males 40 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 73 DEGs for females with only 26 genes shared.

Cyclotron-based production of Ga, [Ga]GaCl, and [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 from a liquid target.

Purpose: To optimize the direct production of Ga on a cyclotron, via the Zn(p,n)Ga reaction using a liquid cyclotron target. We Investigated the yield of cyclotron-produced Ga, extraction of [Ga]GaCl and subsequent [Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 labeling using an automated synthesis module.

Methods: Irradiations of a 1.

Consensus Recommendations on the Use of F-FDG PET/CT in Lung Disease.

PET with F-FDG has been increasingly applied, predominantly in the research setting, to study drug effects and pulmonary biology and to monitor disease progression and treatment outcomes in lung diseases that interfere with gas exchange through alterations of the pulmonary parenchyma, airways, or vasculature. To date, however, there are no widely accepted standard acquisition protocols or imaging data analysis methods for pulmonary F-FDG PET/CT in these diseases, resulting in disparate approaches. Hence, comparison of data across the literature is challenging.

Fulminating deep tissue space infection with presenting initially as a sore throat.

Management of sore throat requires robust decision-making to balance successfully the conflicting risks of unnecessary antibiotic use against those of untreated bacterial infection. We present a case of fulminant sepsis caused by presenting as a sore throat, initially managed conservatively. Despite subsequent appropriate anti-microbial therapy and surgical drainage, contiguous spread ultimately involved the deep neck spaces, mediastinum and thoracic wall, and was complicated by severe aspiration pneumonia, pharyngocutaneous and bronchopleural fistulation.

Protocol for the EARCO Registry: a pan-European observational study in patients with α-antitrypsin deficiency.

Rationale And Objectives: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic condition that leads to an increased risk of emphysema and liver disease. Despite extensive investigation, there remain unanswered questions concerning the natural history, pathophysiology, genetics and the prognosis of the lung disease in association with AATD. The European Alpha-1 Clinical Research Collaboration (EARCO) is designed to bring together researchers from European countries and to create a standardised database for the follow-up of patients with AATD.

The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Obesity is a common risk factor for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Both PCOS and OSA are associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Hence, it is important to determine the burden of OSA in women with PCOS.

Regional lung densities in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency compared to predicted values.

Background: We developed a method to calculate a standard score for lung tissue mass derived from CT scan images from a control group without respiratory disease. We applied the method to images from subjects with emphysema associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) and used it to study regional patterns of differential tissue mass.

Methods: We explored different covariates in 76 controls.

European Respiratory Society statement: diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary disease in α-antitrypsin deficiency.

α-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is the most common hereditary disorder in adults. It is associated with an increased risk of developing pulmonary emphysema and liver disease. The pulmonary emphysema in AATD is strongly linked to smoking, but even a proportion of never-smokers develop progressive lung disease.

Influence of exercise duration on cardiorespiratory responses, energy cost and tissue oxygenation within a 6 hour treadmill run.

Purpose: The physiological mechanisms for alterations in oxygen utilization ([Formula: see text]) and the energy cost of running ( ) during prolonged running are not completely understood, and could be linked with alterations in muscle and cerebral tissue oxygenation.

Methods: Eight trained ultramarathon runners (three women; mean ± SD; age 37 ± 7 yr; maximum [Formula: see text] 60 ± 15 mL min kg) completed a 6 hr treadmill run (6TR), which consisted of four modules, including periods of moderate (3 min at 10 km h, 10-CR) and heavy exercise intensities (6 min at 70% of maximum [Formula: see text], HILL), separated by three, 100 min periods of self-paced running (SP). We measured [Formula: see text], minute ventilation ([Formula: see text]), ventilatory efficiency ([Formula: see text]), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), , muscle and cerebral tissue saturation index (TSI) during the modules, and heart rate (HR) and perceived exertion (RPE) during the modules and SP.