[The early maladaptive schemas: a study in adult patients with anxiety disorders].

The theory of early maladaptive schemas was initiated by Young, who postulated that each pathology is supported by one or several schemas. Adults with anxiety disorders more activate schemas that controls. This hyper activate schemas would go back the childhood.

Practice-based buprenorphine maintenance treatment (BMT): how do French healthcare providers manage the opiate-addicted patients?

Unlabelled: France was the first country to promote the extensive use of buprenorphine for the treatment of drug-addicted subjects through the primary care system. To assess both professional commitment and patients' characteristics, all the physicians and pharmacists of a French area having prescribed/dispensed buprenorphine from 2/12/96 (the official release date) to 1/31/98 were identified from data files of the Health Insurance and then interviewed. During the first 61 weeks of buprenorphine maintenance treatment (BMT), 27.

[Diagnosis and management of panic disorder in psychiatry (PANDA Study)].

Panic disorder is a genuine public health problem given by their frequency and the various and repeated consultations that they involve. PD is underdiagnosed in primary care and in medical specialist. A public campaign might lead to improved diagnosis and better treatment of panic disorder, with a beneficial effect on medico-economic indicators.

[Predictive factors for patient maintenance on buprenorphine high dosage treatment: a naturalistic study in primary care].

High dosage buprenorphine is actually the principal treatment for substitution medication in France. Clinical trials have demonstrated the clinical efficacy of HD buprenorphine for narcotic addiction, but few data are published concerning the prognostic factors of treatment response in daily practice. A naturalistic study was performed in 1998.

[Treatment of adjustment disorder with anxiety: efficacy and tolerance of etifoxine in a double-blind controlled study].

Adjustment disorder with anxiety is defined as a clinically significant anxiety that occurs within 3 months after the onset of an identifiable psychological stressor. Recent studies indicate that this disorder is not uncommon and must be quickly identified and treated. However, few therapeutic trials have been done in relation with this disorder.

[Cyclic oro-alimentary disorders].

Eating behaviours have been changing in our society for at least twenty years. Thus, they represent a good indicator of the functioning of a society or a person. Beyond these recent sociocultural variations, recent clinical and research data, particularly in chronobiology, showed clearly the influence of hormonal or seasonal changes in our eating behaviours.

[Psychopathological disorders and coronary diseases].

The role of psychological factors in the genesis of coronary diseases has been considered for a long time. Friedman took it upon himself to describe a personality profile (pattern A) constituting a risk factor for coronary heart disease of which, however, the practical interest seems limited. The association of psychopathological conditions and coronary heart disease has on the other hand not been extensively studied.

[Eye disorders in children and adolescents].

Purpose: We tried to better characterize non organic ocular disorders in children and adolescents: particularly clinical, perimetric and electrophysiological features.

Methods: We performed a prospective study in 25 cases during a period of 16 months.

Results: Non organic ocular disorders were seen among young girls between 9 and 11 years, mostly with bilateral, symmetrical and rapid visual loss.

[Is DSM IV of value in training of psychiatrists?].

Acquiring the skill to be a psychiatrist requires learning in three fields: academic, clinical and research. Academic training includes various kinds of objectives which are analysed and to which the DSM IV provides only an imperfect response. Clinical training which shapes clinical practice, requires the organization of knowledge: the DSM IV, in so far as it analyses and classifies data is a useful tool, but the utility is limited since the DSM IV is inherently biased towards a psychiatric view of illness.

Bone marrow hypoplasia in anorexia nervosa: a case report.

If hematological abnormalities appear to be a common feature of severe anorexia nervosa, on the other hand bone marrow hypoplasia seems to be comparatively rare. We recently encountered a patient with anorexia nervosa who demonstrated a hypoplastic bone marrow associated with gelatinous transformation. These abnormalities were rapidly reversible with intensive nutritional rehabilitation.

[Life events and anxiety].

During the last few decades many studies have examined the role of life events in psychiatric disorders. Majority of investigators have mainly focused on depression. Recently the specific etiological role of life events in anxiety have been reexamined.

[Prevention and treatment of sleep disorders through regulation] of sleeping habits].

Healthy sleeping habits is a complex balance between behaviour, environment and circadian rhythm. The quality of sleep can be improved by behaviour, e.g.

Early life events and panic disorder: course of illness and comorbidity.

1. Some reports have suggested that there may be a link between the experience of traumatic life events in childhood and adolescence and the development of panic disorder in adults. In addition early loss event also seems increase depressive risk by a factor about two to three.

[Separation anxiety. Theoretical considerations].

The interest in separation anxiety is nowadays increasing: this disorder appearing during childhood may predispose to the occurrence of anxiety disorders (such as panic disorder and agoraphobia) and major depression into adulthood. Psychoanalytic theories differ on the nature of separation anxiety and its place in child development. For some authors, separation anxiety must be understood as resulting from the unconscious internal conflicts inherent in the individuation process and gradual attainment of autonomy.

[Clinical and epidemiologic study of "generalized anxiety" in general practice].

Recent studies have shown that 16 to 43% of general practice attenders express minor psychiatric disorders (Barrett et al. 1988). The present survey was carried out among a sample of 1,177 patients seen by 121 private general practitioners through out France.

[Prevalence of hepatitis C, B and D markers and histopathological aspects in a group of intravenous drug addicts].

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of infection by HCV, HBV, HDV and HIV and their biological and histopathological patterns in 104 intravenous drug users.

Methods And Results: Seventy-five patients (72%) had anti-HCV antibodies. Transmission was rapid because 33% of those who had been drug users for 6 months or less had anti-HCV antibodies.

[Life events and military service].

Objective: Life events preceding the year of enrollment in the military service were researched in 175 patients invalid out of army because of psychiatric disorders.

Method: We assessed the diagnostic according to the DSM III-R criteria, using a semi-structured interview. We completed the evaluation with socio-demographic data.

[Children and alcohol. A study in the school milieu].

Epidemiologic studies have consistently found that use of alcohol is increasing among teenagers and that children who have their first drink before the age of ten years are at increased risk for alcohol use during adolescence. In this study, a questionnaire was completed by 351 children (185 boys and 166 girls) aged 7 to 11 years in eight different schools in the Lille area (northern France). Most respondents (70.

Platelet serotonin levels in alcoholic patients: changes related to physiological and pathological factors.

This study investigated platelet serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) levels and the effects of different physiological and pathological factors in 108 alcoholic patients (alcohol abuse, n = 49; alcohol dependence, n = 59) and 32 healthy control subjects. Platelet 5-HT levels were determined by a fluorescent-ortho-phthalaldehyde assay. In patients, platelet 5-HT levels during withdrawal from alcohol and after 2 weeks of abstinence were significantly lower than in control subjects.

Sex differences in the manifestations of depression in young people. A study of French high school students. Part II: Correlates and background factors.

The second part of this study investigates the correlates and background factors of major depression in young people. The study sample consisted of 744 high school students, (439 males and 305 females), aged 14 to 23 years, and attending 15 high schools in the North of France. Among them, 32 (18 males and 14 females) had a major depressive episode according to DSM-III-R criteria.

Sex differences in the manifestations of depression in young people. A study of French high school students part I: Prevalence and clinical data.

The first part of this study investigates the prevalence and clinical manifestations of major depressive episodes in young people. The sample for this investigation consisted of 744 high school students (439 males and 305 females), aged 14 to 23 years, and attending 15 high schools in the North of France. Assessment of major depressive episodes according to DSM-III-R criteria was performed by medical doctors using a semi-structured interview and by means of the French version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D).