What is the carbon footprint of reverse osmosis in water treatment plants? A systematic review protocol.

Background: "Carbon footprint" (CF) is a direct measure of greenhouse gas emissions caused by a defined activity and can demonstrate global warming effects. The emissions of Greenhouse gases (GHGs) in water projects start from the primary water sources, followed by transportation, construction, and operation phases in the final treatment plants. Due to their possible environmental impacts, the water treatment plants equipped with Reverse Osmosis (RO) units will be investigated for their carbon footprint.

Adsorption of ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions using cellulose-based adsorbents prepared by sol-gel method.

Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is one of the most widely used antibiotics to treat bacterial infections. Consequently, there is concern that it may contaminate water resources due to its high usage level. It is therefore necessary to monitor, trace, and reduce exposure to these antibiotic residues.

Exposure assessment of nitrate and phenol derivatives in Tehran's water distribution system.

The presence of organic and inorganic contaminants in drinking water is a global concern. Nitrate and phenol derivatives are examples of pollutants that could be of anthropogenic origin. They are associated with numerous health risks, underscoring the importance of monitoring their presence in drinking water.

Effect of salinity on the potential cadmium phytoremediation from the polluted soil by .

Nowadays, toxic metals accumulation in soil texture due to anthropogenic activities is a major form of pollution, which can lead to worldwide concerns; however, there are many treatment methods to remove them from soil such as phytoremediation. The , has shown great potential to tolerate high salinity and accumulate Cd from contaminated soils. The experiments, in this study, are analyzed and optimized by Central Composite Design (CCD) as method and using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) package in R software.

Fluoride removal from aqueous solution via environmentally friendly adsorbent derived from seashell.

Nowadays, the presence of excessive ions in water resources is of utmost concern and has attracted increasing attention; therefore, excessive amounts of these ions such as fluoride should be removed from drinking water. Conventional water treatment processes are shown to be incapable of the complete removal of redundant fluoride from aqueous water bodies, whereas adsorption is a promising, effective, cost-benefit, and simple method for this purpose. This study aimed to synthesize effective adsorbents from bivalve shells and evaluate the adsorption function of bivalve shells in removing fluoride from aqueous solutions.