Biochemical foundation of the aroma and antioxidant activity of Indian traditional rice landrace Maharaji and the effect of radiation-induced mutagenesis on its metabolome.

Maharaji rice, an aromatic variety with medium slender grains, is traditionally cultivated in the central regions of India. This study aimed to identify the biochemical compounds responsible for Maharaji rice's distinctive fragrance and enhance its agro-morphological traits through mutation breeding. Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, forty major metabolites were identified which may be responsible for its characteristic aroma.

Nutritional analysis of rice landraces from southern Odisha, India.

Rice landraces conserved by tribal farmers are important for their nutritional richness. Landraces are rich in essential amino acids, vitamins, anthocyanins, and flavonoids useful to cure noncommunicable diseases and metabolic disorders. A study was carried out with 10 rice landraces from the tribal-dominated belt of Southern Odisha to investigate grain nutrition, proximate composition, and vitamin and mineral contents.

Indian traditional rice variety "Gathuwan" suppresses T-cell-mediated immune responses activation of ERK/Nrf2/HO-1 signalling pathway.

The impact of food on immune functions has been recognized for centuries and is now being increasingly explored for therapeutic applications. Rice, in addition to being the staple food in most developing countries, exhibits diverse complexities of phytochemicals among its wide germplasm repertoire, which supports its development as a functional food. In the present study, we have explored the immunomodulatory properties of Gathuwan rice, a local rice variety grown in Chhattisgarh, India, and traditionally used for the treatment of rheumatism.

Conventional and new-breeding technologies for improving disease resistance in lentil ( Medik).

Lentil, an important cool season food legume, is a rich source of easily digestible protein, folic acid, bio-available iron, and zinc nutrients. Lentil grows mainly as a sole crop in the winter after harvesting rice in South Asia. However, the annual productivity is low due to its slow growth during the early phase, competitive weed infestation, and disease outbreaks during the crop growth period.

Genetic Improvement in Plant Architecture, Maturity Duration and Agronomic Traits of Three Traditional Rice Landraces through Gamma Ray-Based Induced Mutagenesis.

Mutation breeding offers a simple, fast and efficient way to rectify major defects without altering their original identity. The present study deployed radiation (gamma rays @ 300Gy)-induced mutation breeding for the improvement and revival of three traditional rice landraces, viz., Samundchini, Vishnubhog and Jhilli.

Advancement in the Breeding, Biotechnological and Genomic Tools towards Development of Durable Genetic Resistance against the Rice Blast Disease.

Rice production needs to be sustained in the coming decades, as the changeable climatic conditions are becoming more conducive to disease outbreaks. The majority of rice diseases cause enormous economic damage and yield instability. Among them, rice blast caused by is a serious fungal disease and is considered one of the major threats to world rice production.

Mechanisms of Genome Maintenance in Plants: Playing It Safe With Breaks and Bumps.

Maintenance of genomic integrity is critical for the perpetuation of all forms of life including humans. Living organisms are constantly exposed to stress from internal metabolic processes and external environmental sources causing damage to the DNA, thereby promoting genomic instability. To counter the deleterious effects of genomic instability, organisms have evolved general and specific DNA damage repair (DDR) pathways that act either independently or mutually to repair the DNA damage.

Genome-wide association mapping revealed numerous novel genomic loci for grain nutritional and yield-related traits in rice ( L.) landraces.

A core set of 190 rice landraces were used to decipher the genetic structure and to discover the chromosomal regions containing QTLs, affecting the grain micro-nutrients, fatty acids, and yield-related traits by using 148 molecular markers in this study. Landraces were categorized into three sub-groups based on population stratification study and followed by neighbor-joining tree and principal component analysis. Analysis of variance revealed abundant variations among the landraces for studied traits with less influence of environmental factors.

Next Generation Sequencing Based Forward Genetic Approaches for Identification and Mapping of Causal Mutations in Crop Plants: A Comprehensive Review.

The recent advancements in forward genetics have expanded the applications of mutation techniques in advanced genetics and genomics, ahead of direct use in breeding programs. The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) has enabled easy identification and mapping of causal mutations within a short period and at relatively low cost. Identifying the genetic mutations and genes that underlie phenotypic changes is essential for understanding a wide variety of biological functions.

GLADS: A gel-less approach for detection of STMS markers in wheat and rice.

Sequence tagged microsatellite site (STMS) are useful PCR based DNA markers. Wide genome coverage, high polymorphic index and co-dominant nature make STMS a preferred choice for marker assisted selection (MAS), genetic diversity analysis, linkage mapping, seed genetic purity analysis etc. Routine STMS analysis involving low-throughput, laborious and time-consuming polyacrylamide/agarose gels often limit their full utility in crop breeding experiments that involve large populations.

InDel marker based genetic differentiation and genetic diversity in traditional rice (Oryza sativa L.) landraces of Chhattisgarh, India.

Rice has been cultivating and utilizing by humans for thousands of years under diverse environmental conditions. Therefore, tremendous genetic differentiation and diversity has occurred at various agro-ecosystems. The significant indica-japonica differentiation in rice provides great opportunities for its genetic improvement.