Evaluating the Well-Being Benefits and Social Value of Volunteer Gardening: Health Economics Meets Behavioral Science.

Multidisciplinary collaboration is key to strengthening the evidence base for multifaceted illness prevention interventions. We bring together health economics and behavioral science to explore the well-being benefits and social cost-benefit of volunteer gardening at an accredited botanic garden, Wales, UK. A health economics-informed social return on investment (SROI) evaluation was combined with the assessment of volunteers' basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness), connection to nature, and their interrelatedness in this innovative nature-based intervention study.

The application of artificial intelligence in health communication development: A scoping review.

This scoping review explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with communication, behavioral, and social theories to enhance health behavior interventions. A systematic search of articles published through February 2024, following PRISMA guidelines, identified 28 relevant studies from 13,723 screened. These studies, conducted across various countries, addressed health issues such as smoking cessation, musculoskeletal injuries, diabetes, chronic diseases and mental health using AI-driven tools like chatbots and apps.

The structural logic of dynamic signaling in the Escherichia coli serine chemoreceptor.

The experimental challenges posed by integral membrane proteins hinder molecular understanding of transmembrane signaling mechanisms. Here, we exploited protein crosslinking assays in living cells to follow conformational and dynamic stimulus signals in Tsr, the Escherichia coli serine chemoreceptor. Tsr mediates serine chemotaxis by integrating transmembrane serine-binding inputs with adaptational modifications of a methylation helix bundle to regulate a signaling kinase at the cytoplasmic tip of the receptor molecule.

The protozoan commensal Tritrichomonas musculis is a natural adjuvant for mucosal IgA.

Immunoglobulin (Ig) A supports mucosal immune homeostasis and host-microbiota interactions. While commensal bacteria are known for their ability to promote IgA, the role of non-bacterial commensal microbes in the induction of IgA remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that permanent colonization with the protozoan commensal Tritrichomonas musculis (T.

Complications of excess weight seen in two tier 3 paediatric weight management services: an observational study.

Background: Children and young people living with severe obesity experience a range of complications of excess weight (CEW); however the prevalence of complications is not well defined. We have evaluated baseline characteristics and CEW of patients from two UK tier 3 paediatric weight management services.

Methods: All new patients aged 2-17 years seen from March 2022 to February 2023 were included.

Factors that influence the uptake of virtual care solutions in Australian primary care practice: a systematic scoping review.

Introduction: Uptake of virtual care solutions in primary care settings has increased exponentially, and current evidence suggests high patient satisfaction but mixed clinician views.

Aims: This paper aimed to identify factors influencing its' implementation to support delivery to the right patient, in the right clinical context, at the right time. Further, this paper evaluates how the updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) can be used to assess these factors that contribute to the uptake of virtual care innovations.

The genome of a giant clam zooxanthella (Cladocopium infistulum) offers few clues to adaptation as an extracellular symbiont with high thermotolerance.

Background: Cladocopium infistulum (Symbiodiniaceae) is a dinoflagellate specialized to live in symbiosis with western Pacific giant clams (Tridacnidae). Unlike coral-associated symbionts, which reside within the host cells, C. infistulum inhabits the extracellular spaces of the clam's digestive diverticula.

Liraglutide Treatment Improves Glycaemic Dysregulation, Body Composition, Cardiometabolic Variables and Uncontrolled Eating Behaviour in Adolescents with Severe Obesity.

Objective: Childhood obesity is associated with long-term health complications. Liraglutide is approved for use in adolescents for weight loss and has shown beneficial outcomes in clinical trials. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is routinely used in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

The gut microbiome in children with mood, anxiety, and neurodevelopmental disorders: An umbrella review.

Research on the gut microbiome and mental health among children and adolescents is growing. This umbrella review provides a high-level overview of current evidence syntheses to amalgamate current research and inform future directions. Searches were conducted across seven databases for peer-reviewed pediatric (<18 years) review literature.

A randomized phase 2b trial examined the effects of the glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon receptor agonist cotadutide on kidney outcomes in patients with diabetic kidney disease.

Cotadutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon receptor agonist that may improve kidney function in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this phase 2b study, patients with T2D and CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] of 20 or more and under 90 mL/min per 1.73 m and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio [UACR] over 50 mg/g) were randomized 1:1:1:1:1 to 26 weeks' treatment with standard of care plus subcutaneous cotadutide uptitrated to 100, 300, or 600 μg, or placebo daily (double-blind), or the GLP-1 agonist semaglutide 1 mg once weekly (open-label).

Elucidating the dynamics and impact of the gut microbiome on maternal nutritional status during pregnancy, effect on pregnancy outcomes and infant health in rural Pakistan: study protocol for a prospective, longitudinal observational study.

Introduction: Undernutrition during pregnancy is linked to adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes and has downstream effects on the growth and development of children. The gut microbiome has a profound influence on the nutritional status of the host. This phenomenon is understudied in settings with a high prevalence of undernutrition, and further investigation is warranted to better understand such interactions.

RESP2: An uncertainty aware multi-target multi-property optimization AI pipeline for antibody discovery.

Discovery of therapeutic antibodies against infectious disease pathogens presents distinct challenges. Ideal candidates must possess not only the properties required for any therapeutic antibody (e.g.

The Structural Logic of Dynamic Signaling in the Serine Chemoreceptor.

The experimental challenges posed by integral membrane proteins hinder molecular understanding of transmembrane signaling mechanisms. Here, we exploited protein crosslinking assays in living cells to follow conformational and dynamic stimulus signals in Tsr, the serine chemoreceptor. Tsr mediates serine chemotaxis by integrating transmembrane serine-binding inputs with adaptational modifications of a methylation helix bundle to regulate a signaling kinase at the cytoplasmic tip of the receptor molecule.

TUnA: an uncertainty-aware transformer model for sequence-based protein-protein interaction prediction.

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are important for many biological processes, but predicting them from sequence data remains challenging. Existing deep learning models often cannot generalize to proteins not present in the training set and do not provide uncertainty estimates for their predictions. To address these limitations, we present TUnA, a Transformer-based uncertainty-aware model for PPI prediction.

Varenicline and Nicotine Replacement Therapy for Smokers Admitted to Hospitals: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Varenicline is the most effective sole pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation. If used in combination with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), cessation rates may be further improved, but the efficacy and safety of the combination need to be evaluated.

Objective: To examine whether hospitalized smokers treated with varenicline and NRT lozenges achieve higher prolonged smoking abstinence rates compared with those treated with varenicline alone.

Closing the Gap: How Psychological Distance Influences Willingness to Engage in Risky COVID Behavior.

Pandemics, and other risk-related contexts, require dynamic changes in behavior as situations develop. Human behavior is influenced by both explicit (cognitive) and implicit (intuitive) factors. In this study, we used psychological distance as a lens to understand what influences our decision-making with regard to risk in the context of COVID-19.

ToxoNet: A high confidence map of protein-protein interactions in Toxoplasma gondii.

The apicomplexan intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii is a major food borne pathogen that is highly prevalent in the global population. The majority of the T. gondii proteome remains uncharacterized and the organization of proteins into complexes is unclear.

The effects of different feeding strategies providing different levels of vitamin A on animal performance, carcass traits, and the conversion rate of subcutaneous fat color in cull-cows.

Cull cows represent a significant percentage of revenue received from the U.S. beef industry; however, cull cows are heavily price discounted at time of slaughter.

The incidence of ventriculostomy-related infections as diagnosed by 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction: A prospective observational study.

Background: Ventriculostomy-related infections (VRIs) are reported in about 10 % of patients with external ventricular drains (EVDs). VRIs are difficult to diagnose due to clinical and laboratory abnormalities caused by the primary neurological injury which led to insertion of the EVD. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may enable more accurate diagnosis of VRI.

The impact of gestational diabetes on functional capacity of the infant gut microbiome is modest and transient.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic complication that manifests as hyperglycemia during the later stages of pregnancy. In high resource settings, careful management of GDM limits risk to the pregnancy, and hyperglycemia typically resolves after birth. At the same time, previous studies have revealed that the gut microbiome of infants born to mothers who experienced GDM exhibit reduced diversity and reduction in the abundance of several key taxa, including .

Correction: Intestinal microbiome profiles in broiler chickens raised without antibiotics exhibit altered microbiome dynamics relative to conventionally raised chickens.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.