Microbiome-Mucosal Immunity Nexus: Driving Forces in Respiratory Disease Progression.

The importance of the complex interplay between the microbiome and mucosal immunity, particularly within the respiratory tract, has gained significant attention due to its potential implications for the severity and progression of lung diseases. Therefore, this review summarizes the specific interactions through which the respiratory tract-specific microbiome influences mucosal immunity and ultimately impacts respiratory health. Furthermore, we discuss how the microbiome affects mucosal immunity, considering tissue-specific variations, and its capacity in respiratory diseases containing asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer.

Radiofrequency ablation with sine and square electrical waveforms to enhance ablation range.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a local treatment modality for primary liver cancers. Although various input parameters of the RF generator have been adjusted to improve the ablation ranges, the limited ablation ranges remain an obstacle to RFA. This study aimed to compare the ablation ranges and efficacy of sine and square electrical waveforms in a mouse tumor model.

Guidelines for Antibacterial Treatment of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales Infections.

This guideline aims to promote the prudent use of antibacterial agents for managing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infections in clinical practice in Korea. The general section encompasses recommendations for the management of common CRE infections and diagnostics, whereas each specific section is structured with key questions that are focused on antibacterial agents and disease-specific approaches. This guideline covers both currently available and upcoming antibacterial agents in Korea.

Comparison of healthcare resource use and cost between influenza and COVID-19 vaccine coadministration and influenza vaccination only.

Objective: To compare healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and all-cause medical costs among individuals aged ≥50 years who received influenza and COVID-19 vaccines on the same day and those who received influenza vaccine only.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study leveraging Optum's de-identified Clinformatics DataMart from 8/31/2021 to 7/31/2023. Individuals aged ≥50 years continuously enrolled in health plans for 1 year prior and until 7/31/2023 were included.

The macroscale routing mechanism of structural brain connectivity related to body mass index.

Understanding the brain's mechanisms in individuals with obesity is important for managing body weight. Prior neuroimaging studies extensively investigated alterations in brain structure and function related to body mass index (BMI). However, how the network communication among the large-scale brain networks differs across BMI is underinvestigated.

Interpersonal Violence in Five Regions in Asia: Ecological Risk Factors Associated with Perceptions of Justifiability of Violence.

In Asia, rates of interpersonal violence are increasing, with significant regional disparities. However, long-term, continental-scale research considering regional differences across the Asia regions is limited. Guided by the ecological model, we examined five ecological risk factors (low life satisfaction/happiness, economic hardship, neighborhood disadvantage, patriarchal values, and religiosity) associated with perceptions of justification of interpersonal violence (i.

Guaijaverin And Epigallocatechin Gallate Exerts Antiinflammatory And Antiallergenic Effects Through Interleukin-12 Production.

Our aim in the current study was to determine the and synergistic antiinflammatory and antiallergic effect associated with the IL-12 production of guaijaverin and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) complex (GEC) and ILS-F-2301 (2:8 extract of and ). Compared to EGCG alone, GEC showed synergistic inhibition of nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 by 3.8, 5.

Association between phthalate exposure and risk of allergic rhinitis in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Phthalates are ubiquitous in diverse environments and have been linked to a myriad of detrimental health outcomes. However, the association between phthalate exposure and allergic rhinitis (AR) remains unclear. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to comprehensively evaluate the relationship between phthalate exposure and childhood AR risk.

Tailoring rectal cancer surgery: Surgical approaches and anatomical insights during deep pelvic dissection for optimal outcomes in low-lying rectal cancer.

This review article explores advanced surgical approaches and anatomical insights for tailoring rectal cancer surgery, particularly focusing on low-lying rectal cancer. With the evolution of imaging technologies, precise preoperative planning has become possible, enhancing the visualization of anatomy surrounding the rectum and enabling more accurate assessments of circumferential resection margin (CRM) involvement. The article emphasizes the dynamic nature of rectal cancer treatment, advocating for individualized surgical planning based on comprehensive preoperative imaging and intraoperative assessment.

Exploring 2-mercapto--arylacetamide analogs as promising anti-melanogenic agents: and evaluation.

Based on the hypothesis that the 2-mercaptoacetamide moiety chelates the copper ions of tyrosinase, 2-mercapto--arylacetamide (2-MAA) analogs were designed and synthesized as potential tyrosinase inhibitors. Four 2-MAA analogs showed low IC values ranging from 0.95 to 2.

Integrated Structural Modulation Inducing Fast Charge Transfer in Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Aqueous Zn-ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising energy-storage devices owing to their exceptional safety, long cycle life, simple production, and high storage capacity. Manganese oxides are considered potential cathode materials for AZIBs, primarily because of their safety, low cost, simple synthesis, and high storage capacity. However, MnO-based cathodes tend to deteriorate structurally during long-term cycling, which reduces their reversible capacity.

Association of smoking cessation with dynapenia among older lifetime smokers in Korea.

Introduction: Muscle strength is known to play an important role in the health of older adults. The health burden of cigarette smoking among older adults remains significant. We investigated the association between smoking cessation and dynapenia among older lifetime smokers in Korea.

Roadmap on computational methods in optical imaging and holography [invited].

Unlabelled: Computational methods have been established as cornerstones in optical imaging and holography in recent years. Every year, the dependence of optical imaging and holography on computational methods is increasing significantly to the extent that optical methods and components are being completely and efficiently replaced with computational methods at low cost. This roadmap reviews the current scenario in four major areas namely incoherent digital holography, quantitative phase imaging, imaging through scattering layers, and super-resolution imaging.

Macrophage membrane coated discoidal polymeric particles for evading phagocytosis.

Unlabelled: The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of discoidal polymeric particles (DPPs) coated with macrophage membranes as a novel drug delivery system. The study aimed to determine whether these coated particles could reduce phagocytosis, and target specific organs, thereby enhancing drug delivery efficacy. In this study, discoidal polymeric particles (DPPs) were synthesized by a top-down fabrication method serving as the core drug delivery platform.

PARP1-TRIM44-MRN loop dictates the response to PARP inhibitors.

PARP inhibitors (PARPi) show selective efficacy in tumors with homologous recombination repair (HRR)-defects but the activation mechanism of HRR pathway in PARPi-treated cells remains enigmatic. To unveil it, we searched for the mediator bridging PARP1 to ATM pathways by screening 211 human ubiquitin-related proteins. We discovered TRIM44 as a crucial mediator that recruits the MRN complex to damaged chromatin, independent of PARP1 activity.