Dynamic Data-Driven Management of Atrial Fibrillation With Implantable Cardiac Monitors: The MONITOR AF Study.

Background: Implantable cardiac monitors (ICMs) provide valuable insights into managing atrial fibrillation (AF). Data suggest that ICMs increase AF detection, but their impact on management is still uncertain.

Objectives: To evaluate and compare the impact of ICMs on the clinical management of AF.

Single-cell transcriptomics in a child with coenzyme Q10 nephropathy: potential of single-cell RNA sequencing in pediatric kidney disease.

Background: Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) nephropathy is a well-known cause of hereditary steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, primarily impacting podocytes. This study aimed to elucidate variations in individual cell-level gene expression in CoQ10 nephropathy using single-cell transcriptomics.

Methods: We conducted single-cell sequencing of a kidney biopsy specimen from a 5-year-old boy diagnosed with a CoQ10 nephropathy caused by a compound heterozygous COQ2 mutation complicated with immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis.

Rethinking primary particulate matter: Integrating filterable and condensable particulate matter in measurement and analysis.

The current definition of primary particulate matter (PM) encompasses filterable PM (FPM) and condensable PM (CPM), which are evaluated using two distinct conventional measurement methods: cooling and dilution. While the cooling method exclusively considers the homogenous formation of CPM, the dilution method, closer to real-world conditions, neglects FPM characterization. To overcome this limitation, we propose a doubled-dilution system that enables the parallel characterization of both FPM and primary PM without diverting FPM from the CPM formation pathway.

Patient-reported outcome trajectories the first 24 months after surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a Quality Outcomes Database study.

Objective: Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) shows varying levels of improvement after surgical treatment. While some patients improve soon after surgery, others may take months to years to show any signs of improvement. The goal of this study was to evaluate postoperative improvement, patient-reported outcomes, and patient satisfaction up to 2 years after surgical treatment for CSM, which will help optimize the current treatment strategies and effectively manage patient expectations.

The impact of lower thoracic versus upper lumbar upper instrumented vertebra in minimally invasive correction of adult spinal deformity.

Objective: The goal of this study was to compare the impact of using a lower thoracic (LT) versus upper lumbar (UL) level as the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) on clinical and radiographic outcomes following minimally invasive surgery for adult spinal deformity.

Methods: A multicenter retrospective study design was used. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 18 years, and one of the following: coronal Cobb angle > 20°, sagittal vertical axis > 50 mm, pelvic tilt > 20°, pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis mismatch > 10°.

Photophysics-informed two-photon voltage imaging using FRET-opsin voltage indicators.

Microbial rhodopsin-derived genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) are powerful tools for mapping bioelectrical dynamics in cell culture and in live animals. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-opsin GEVIs use voltage-dependent quenching of an attached fluorophore, achieving high brightness, speed, and voltage sensitivity. However, the voltage sensitivity of most FRET-opsin GEVIs has been reported to decrease or vanish under two-photon (2P) excitation.

The gap between surgeon goal and achieved sagittal alignment in adult cervical spine deformity surgery.

Objective: Malalignment following cervical spine deformity (CSD) surgery can negatively impact outcomes and increase complications. Despite the growing ability to plan alignment, it remains unclear whether preoperative goals are achieved with surgery. The objective of this study was to assess how good surgeons are at achieving their preoperative goal alignment following CSD surgery.

Clinical advancements in mRNA vaccines against viral infections.

Over the last decade, mRNA vaccines development has shown significant advancement, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This comprehensive review examines the efficacy of pivotal vaccines against emerging COVID-19 variants and strategies for enhancing vaccine effectiveness. It also explores the versatility of mRNA technology in addressing other infectious diseases such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, HIV, cytomegalovirus, Ebola, Zika, Rabies, and Nipah viruses.

Hallux valgus interphalangeus is more common in juvenile-onset hallux valgus than in adult-onset hallux valgus.

Background: This study aimed to compare the prevalence of hallux valgus interphalangeus (HVI) in juvenile-onset hallux valgus and adult-onset hallux valgus and to analyze the correlation between the hallux interphalangeal angle (HIA) and other radiographic parameters in juvenile-onset hallux valgus.

Methods: This retrospective study included 640 feet and 320 patients with hallux valgus (160 juvenile-onset and 160 adult-onset cases). Eight radiographic parameters were measured: HIA, hallux valgus angle, intermetatarsal angle, talonavicular coverage angle, anteroposterior talocalcaneal angle, lateral talocalcaneal angle, lateral talo-first metatarsal angle, and calcaneal pitch.

Caring for young adult men with inflammatory bowel disease: Clinician and patient perspectives.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) presents unique challenges for young adult men that extend beyond physical symptoms, encompassing psychosocial dimensions affecting all aspects of life. This article draws insights from a roundtable discussion facilitated by the Crohn's and Colitis Young Adults Network (CCYAN), focusing on the experiences of young men living with IBD. It sheds light on the intersections of IBD and men's sexual and reproductive health, fertility, and mental well-being while identifying gaps in care.

A propensity score-matched comparison between single-stage and multistage anterior/posterior lumbar fusion surgery: a Michigan Spine Surgery Improvement Collaborative study.

Objective: Patients undergoing anterior/posterior lumbar fusion surgery can undergo either a single-stage or multistage operation, depending on surgeon preference. The goal of this study was to assess different patient outcomes between single-stage and multistage lumbar fusion procedures in a multicenter setting.

Methods: The Michigan Spine Surgery Improvement Collaborative database was queried for anterior/posterior lumbar fusion surgeries between July 2018 and January 2022.

Single-Position Prone Lateral Interbody Fusion is Associated with Improved Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes at One Year compared to Single-Position Lateral Interbody Fusion: A Single Institution Experience.

Background: Recent studies highlight the increasing adoption of single-position prone lateral(SP-PL) and single-position lateral decubitus(SP-LD) in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery(MISS) to reduce operative time, enhance patient safety, and improve surgical accessibility.

Objective: To assess the differences between SP-PL and SP-LD achievement of optimal postoperative outcomes and post-operative complication rates.

Study Design: Retrospective review of prospectively collected MIS database.

Auto-Rad: End-to-End Report Generation from Lumber Spine MRI Using Vision-Language Model.

Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a major cause of chronic lower back and leg pain, and is traditionally diagnosed through labor-intensive analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans by radiologists. This study aims to streamline the diagnostic process by developing an automated radiology report generation (ARRG) system using a vision-language (VL) model. We utilized a Generative Image-to-Text (GIT) model, originally designed for visual question answering (VQA) and image captioning.

LMI approach of H consensus for multi-agent systems under Markov switching topology by dynamic output-feedback controller.

This study investigates the H consensus problem for multi-agent systems under Markov switching topology by designing a dynamic output-feedback (DOF) controller. First, an invariant property is presented to address the Markov switching topology utilizing the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Laplacian matrix. Second, the eigenvalues of each Laplacian matrix are regarded as bounded uncertainties, representing the variations between the second smallest eigenvalue and the largest eigenvalue, removing the effect of variable eigenvalues.

Black rice bioactive with multifunctional health promotional activities: A special reference to wound healing activity with polyhydroxybutyrate composite.

Black rice (BR) extract contains several functional food bioactive components that are health-promoting. This study assessed the multifunctional bioactivities of various BR extracts (methanol, ethanol, acetone, and aqueous). These BR extracts revealed significant antioxidant and antibacterial activity against various bacterial strains.

Mortality Prediction Modeling for Patients with Breast Cancer Based on Explainable Machine Learning.

: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, requiring strategic efforts to reduce its mortality. This study aimed to develop a predictive classification model for breast cancer mortality using real-world data, including various clinical features. : A total of 11,286 patients with breast cancer from the National Cancer Center were included in this study.

Prevalence and Prognosis of Coronal Malalignment Following Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Minimally Invasive Treatment of Adult Spinal Deformity.

Study Design: Retrospective analysis of prospective multicenter adult spinal deformity (ASD) database.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and prognosis of postoperative coronal malalignment following LLIF for ASD with Qiu type A coronal alignment.

Summary Of Background Data: Qiu Type A coronal alignment is defined as coronal vertical axis (CVA) <30mm.

Transfers among Vulnerable Long-Term Nursing Home Residents.

Objectives: To determine whether the risk of nursing home-to-nursing home transfer is higher among long-term nursing home residents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), or serious mental illness (SMI), and/or Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), relative to residents without these clinical diagnoses, and to assess the factors associated with transfer overall and for residents with these diagnoses.

Design: Cross-sectional cohort study of nursing home residents in 2019.

Setting And Participants: Michigan long-term nursing home residents identified from the Minimum Data Set.

Wisdom of the silicon crowd: LLM ensemble prediction capabilities rival human crowd accuracy.

Human forecasting accuracy improves through the "wisdom of the crowd" effect, in which aggregated predictions tend to outperform individual ones. Past research suggests that individual large language models (LLMs) tend to underperform compared to human crowd aggregates. We simulate a wisdom of the crowd effect with LLMs.

Clinical significance of surgical resection for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein invasion: a nationwide cohort study.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein invasion (PVI) is considered an advanced stage with a poor prognosis. Although current guidelines recommend systemic treatment for HCC with PVI, surgical resection could produce acceptable outcomes in selected patients. This study aimed to identify the clinical significance of surgical resection for HCC with PVI patients using a large-scale nationwide registry.

An integrated view of the structure and function of the human 4D nucleome.

The dynamic three-dimensional (3D) organization of the human genome (the "4D Nucleome") is closely linked to genome function. Here, we integrate a wide variety of genomic data generated by the 4D Nucleome Project to provide a detailed view of human 3D genome organization in widely used embryonic stem cells (H1-hESCs) and immortalized fibroblasts (HFFc6). We provide extensive benchmarking of 3D genome mapping assays and integrate these diverse datasets to annotate spatial genomic features across scales.

Learning from employer experiences with paid leave policy expansions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The United States does not have a federal policy offering employees paid leave. We study employer attitudes toward the Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA) federal emergency paid leave policies temporarily adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic to draw lessons for proposed permanent federal paid leave policies. We analyzed a 2021 survey of 300 San Francisco Bay Area employers to examine employers' experiences with paid sick leave (PSL) and paid family leave (PFL) policies during the COVID-19 pandemic, along with their attitudes regarding FFCRA paid leave.